C275

< Legend of the Zupi of the New Tang Dynasty > was accompanied by the words, "Domi." Bian Li Niu River. " Li Niu River is the Yak River, also known as the Tongtian River in the Yushu area of Qinghai Province. This area is related to the southerly migration of the descendants of the Southern Cool. The Old Tang said that Tuoba, Emperor of the Ming Dynasty of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Tuoba Haorui (414 years), the leader of the Freshmen, Tuoba Yu Tan, was exterminated by the burning plate of the Buddha (Vu) of Xi Qin. Tuoba Fan gathered the remainder of his people and sent them to Menshen (the capital of the Zhang Ya) in the Northern Lianggong canal, where he was conferred with the title of Emperor Lin Song. After the annihilation of Mundin, Vinnie led his people westward, across the Yellow River, over the rocky mountain, and over the land of the Qiang Dynasty, which was a thousand miles wide. Due to the combined might of Vanni and Qiang people, their power was growing rapidly. However, what he established here was naturally not Fu Fan, but rather something related to the government of the Dumi tribe. Some scholars believed that it was closely related to the people who moved in later and established their Party in Western Xia. After being conquered by Tofu, Tofu called them "hard to grind," and the term was written in Tibetan by Nam. The British scholar F. W. Thomas thought that this was the "South" of Nanliang. If this statement was not wrong, the State of Mi was like the Tuyuhun, a power established by the inferior people entering the country. However, its upper management was the people of Tuoba, while the Tuyuhun was the people of Murong, the people of Mi were basically the people of Qiang people. In our view, the term "dominion" is due to the fact that its subjects speak for themselves as the Qiang people, while the term "difficulty" is, in the words of its rulers, two aspects of a united regime. " "Dumi" should be the language of Qiang, or related to the vocabulary of the Afang language. " "Many" is suspected to be one of the six ancient tribes in the legends of the ancient times, the Ldong (Dong, or Vdong, Dong, or Gong), or the Stong (Dong, or Gdong, Dong). In his book The Ancient Tribes of the Kawasaki Tibetan Corridor, the French Tibetan, P. A. Stein, says: "The Stong tribe is very easy to confuse with the Dong/Gdong tribe, both in terms of language and form. Because Ldong refers to the Muya people, while Stong or Gdong refers to the Zupi people. But two of the National Library's Tibetan and the Dunhuang's Tibetan texts, No.493, are written Gonggsumpa (i.e., Dong Zupi - Citation) and Lding-gsumpa (Ding Zupi - Citation). Due to the fact that the Dong and Dong Clans are close neighbors and also have an alliance, it is much easier for people to confuse them. " "In that case, those difficult people who are closely related to the two races (Dong Clan and Dong Clan) would naturally not be able to differentiate the person who they belong to from the person they are related to." The Tibetan text of "Domi" should be Stongmi (East Mi) or Ldongmi (Dong Mi) and other variants.

The Book of the New Tang is known as "The Earth and the Gold". The customs and culture are naturally the same as that of the Qiang people such as the Party. The leader of Domi also had an alliance with the Yutian (Tian) royal family at the western end of the Southern Road of the Silk Road, that is, the daughter of the King was married to the King. This suggests that the Domi may have been involved in the silk trade between East and West. According to the study of Thomas (F. W. Thomas), there are a large number of lexicon and literary legends in human language, which are preserved by Tibetan language. To this end, he also compiled a monograph called "Difficult to Grind, an Ancient Language" based on the Tibetan literature of Xinjiang and the Dunhuang, which showed the relative prosperity of the Difficult to Grind (Domi) human culture.

According to our research, it involves the change of the political situation in the northwestern part of the Tibetan Plateau. First of all, these areas were the domain of the Great Sheep Tong until at least five years (631) of the Chastity Temple, when the Sheepmen paid tribute to the Tang Dynasty. The veracity of this point has been mentioned above. And a woman's country (or a woman's country in the east) is next to it, and its scope is equal to that of Sui time. This information was also obtained by women who entered the imperial court six years ago (586). However, "Sui Shu" only said that it was in the south of the green hills. There is no doubt that it is connected with the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as the same as between the same as the same as the same as the same as with the same as the Party. Secondly, the power of the female nation became stronger during the campaign, and advanced to the northwest, annexing most of the regions of the Great Yang Dynasty, and thus cohabiting with the Great Yang, which was even recorded to be the same as that of the Great Yang Country. These records were written later than the former. Once again, after Ya Long had risen to power, he attacked the Zupi from the north. He planned to conquer one part of the Zupi so that he could become stronger and force the other part of the Zupi to flee to the northeast. The Tufan army advanced westward and eventually destroyed Yang Tong. Therefore, when Hui Chao, the new high monk, returned to Chang'an after fifteen years of Kaiyuan (727), he wrote in his masterpiece, "Another month went by, in the snow mountain, in the east, there was a small country, named Suba, which was under the command of Tuo Fan, dressed like the northern sky (Zhu), and the land was extremely cold." The same book: "Jia Yimilo (Kashmir) Northeast of the mountain 15 agenda, namely, the State of Great Britain, Yang Tongguo, Suo Sang-Kwok, these three countries are also under the control of Tufan." Suo Sang Tzu is three waves of Hah, that is, Yang Tong, Yang Tong is Yang Tong. From this, it can be seen that at that time, Tufan had already occupied the size of Yang Tong and Women's Country. The period of independent activities of the female nation in the west and northwest of the Tibetan Plateau ended in this way. The annexation of the Qian Fan resulted in two kinds of fates of the female nation: one part of the people was put under the rule of rule, forming the Zupi Ru, the other part fled to the northeast, and was founded in the southeast of the current Qinghai Province and the northwest of Sichuan Province. This point should be made clear, one by one, and should not be confused. What are you talking about? What's the point? However, there were people researching it! Even "foreigners" were extremely interested in this! He had studied till the smoke billowed and the smoke billowed! The smoke was about to appear again.

The customs and culture of the female nation are very rich and rich. The first is the preference for women over men's customs, as recorded in the history of "their vulgar, noble women over their husbands, but not sexual jealousy." This is even more serious when it comes to marriage, with the New Tang saying that the East Woman is "vulgar and underestimating men, and that the harem has men to attend to." The Tang Dynasty also said, "The more women there are, the more men there are to attend to them. Men are not allowed to have maids, and although they are lowly, they are all parents and may even have a few sons, with their mother's surname as their surname." This is typical of the female rights system and the monogamous system, and reflects the remnants of the group marriage system, because "as long as there is group marriage, the lineage can only be determined from the mother's point of view, and therefore only the female line can be recognized." Secondly, there is a strong primitive nature worship belief and unique burial system. "As a matter of fact, Asura has a Tree God." Ashura is an evil god in ancient India mythology, because it is often used in the war between the gods and the gods, and later generations used it as a god of war. Asuras and Tree Deity Worship reflect the intensification of tribal wars and the reality of the productive life of the hunting industry. In this case, the sacrifice should be made with human sacrifice or with the replacement of human macaque. There is a secondary burial custom in the area of burial, "the noble dies, the skin is peeled, and the flesh and bones are placed in bottles and buried. After one year, it was buried in iron with the inner part of its skin. " After the internal migration, still did not change, but assimilated some of the Central Plains cultural customs, "living in the three years of their parents' mourning period, clothing did not change, row after row." "The king is to be buried, and the relatives of his ministers are to be martyred by dozens of people." Third, women's national birdbath customs. After the sacrifice of the servants, "a bird, like a pheasant, came to gather in the palm of the hand and break through the abdomen to pray for it. If there was a chestnut, there would be an old age; if there was a sandstone, there would be a calamity, which is to say, a bird." The Old Tang Book was more detailed in it, saying that in October the Witch would take the branch of the tree with him to the mountains, and that he would scatter the wheat in the air and cast great curses on the birds. A bird, like a chicken, flew into the arms of a witch, and so it was cut open to see that every grain foretold a bountiful harvest in the coming year, and that if there were gravel (originally snow and frost, as it happened) there would be disaster, and that it was believed to be a bird. Fourth, the women have the customs of green and ochre. The queen was dressed in a blue silk dress. She was dressed in a green robe with her sleeves pressed against the ground. It was a bun for the young maid, her earlobes ringing. A shoe, such as a thoat, that is graceful and luxurious. With green as the beauty, the men of the country of women also painted their faces green. But in this Part, the color of the face, "within a day, or several times change." During the period of mourning with lime and ochre, the clothes are all black. It reflects the interrelationship between the painted color and the cultural connotation. In the end, the female state used the custom of "the curse of female shame", namely, using female Yin to make a curse in front of others. This was the most vicious curse. Stupid and ridiculous to the extreme!

Women's calendar, medicine and architecture all have outstanding achievements. The female nation was born in November, which was related to the living environment of alpine. The Tibetan Plateau's harvest was completed in October, and it was set for the end of the year. At this time, the Witch Masters were in the mountains after the human sacrifice, predicting the following year would be filled with apologies. The Zupi women would peel off the dead noblemen, and put them into bottles of gold and meat. They should have accumulated experience in the field of human anatomy. The doctors who had restored the brightness of the eyes of Saizanp in the year of Tofu had come from Elephant, Zupi and Tuyuhun. From the side, it was clear that Zupi medicine was very famous in the highlands at that time. The most impressive thing was the construction level of the female nation, which history had described as "the king's residence in the ninth floor", "the houses on the ninth floor, the countrymen on the sixth floor". This is inconceivable, but it is appropriate to say that women have superb construction techniques and techniques. In addition, women's metal and jade processing can also be praised, after eastward migration there are also cowhide boat production technology and so on. As the book Sui Shu Zhenguo didn't appear, it probably only reflected the situation after the creation of the ancient Chinese characters.

Women's country was conquered by the Tufan people one after another, and the developed culture of women's country became a part of the Tufan culture. We can see the influence of women's culture from the higher status of women, the customs of a single wife and a couple, the ochre noodles, the customs of birds, the architectural styles, the funeral system, and so on. More importantly, Tufan inherited the highland silk road that the women of China (and the people of Elephant) had opened up. After the embezzlement of the eastern Tufan dynasty, the "eastern women" who lived in the northwest part of Chuan, "their tribe's leaders are no more than three or two thousand households, each with a county order covering several people. "There are fine threads in the soil, and every year we lose." He was also rewarded by the Tang Dynasty with a large amount of silk and actually became an intermediary merchant in the silk trade between the and the mainland. Politically, the Chinese call it "two-sided Qiang". Of course, it was not only the Yalon Tufan people, the Elephant people and the Zupi women that created the highland Silk Road civilization. There were also many small countries and nomads who were not only involved in the civilization construction of the other three countries, but also had their own unique regional civilization.

The Tibetan Plateau's ancient Qiang people civilization was like a sky full of stars filling of snow-capped mountains and plains. It signified a kind of convergence and fusion. However, we must not forget its link belt, the chain of galaxies that holds and makes stars, the national corridor stretching thousands of kilometers.

The national corridor runs from the north to the west of Hexi in Qinghai, south of Gansu, north and west of Sichuan, southeast of Tibet Autonomous Region, west of Yunnan, south to Burma and north of India, stretching for thousands of miles. It has played an enormous role in history, not only affecting the cultural characteristics of the various nationalities in the northwest and southwest of China, but also directly affecting the formation and development of the various nationalities in the region. The Tibetan, Naxi, Qiang, Jingpang, Yi, Bai, Hani, Lisu, Lahu, Tu, Pumi, Fury, etc., which are distributed in the national corridor area today, are closely related to this corridor in terms of their ethnic origin, language, customs and religious beliefs. They are even closely related to the activities of the ancient Qiang people who moved south along this corridor.

The emergence of this national corridor is the product of the expansion of economic and cultural development and interaction, but the regional environment has a decisive role. The national corridor lies between Tibetan Plateau and Loess Plateau, Western Sichuan Plateau and Yungui Plateau. The northbound mountains and the river valleys that cut through them became the natural landscape of the corridor. The river valley of Yishong and the mountainside of Yishang are interwoven, which provides a good environment for the national reproduction and cultural spread in the corridor. The most prominent geographical features of the national corridor area are the winding mountain ranges and dense rivers.

At the northern end of the national corridor, there were huge mountain ranges such as Mount Qilian, Mount Anima, and Mount Bayankara, all winding and undulating. Shuttling through these mountains were, in addition to the winding Yellow River, the Daton River, the Huangshui River, the Da Xia River, and the Tao River. To the south was the Hengduan Mountains. The Hengduan mountain range is the general name of the mountains of eastern Tibet Autonomous Region, Sichuan Province and western Yunnan Province. There was a proverb in the Hengduan Mountains District: "The sky above the canyon divides people into two sides. The other side can speak, but it takes one day to meet each other." This geographical environment has greatly affected the national cultural interaction, and has also hindered the direct interaction between the interior and the Tibetan Plateau. The ethnic group that traversed the corridor from north to south naturally acted as a mediator of cultural interaction. The corridors of the river valleys, with their fertile fields and plentiful soil, nurture one settled or traversed nation after another. Easily defended and difficult to attack, blocking each other's space, giving the fleeing tribes a relatively peaceful home.

This was the complicated, ever-changing national tribes and geography of the Tibetan Plateau and the Western Desert. Murong Tianshui had already grasped and understood them initially. However, what he knew was only the surface. There were still many things that needed to be explored. This was especially true for the dynasty that had unified the west, as he still had not had the time to investigate its origins. He hoped that one day, he would be able to uncover the secrets to the history and culture of the dynasty!

But now, when Murong Tianshui woke up from the long river of Western Region history, he started to miss his homeland of the Central Plains …

Zazedler! Zachary! Hello, everyone! At this point, the speaker would like to share with you the current situation of the "Tibetan Plateau": in 1958, the Central Committee of the Party decided to build the Qinghai Xining to Germu section of the railway; in 1979, the "Qinghai-Xining to Germu" phase of the "Qinghai-Xining Railway" project was suspended for twenty years by a decree, due to economic and technical reasons at the time.

On June 29, 2001, the second phase of the "Qinghai-Tibet Railway" project began construction at the southern mountain pass (32 km from Gelmu), connecting the Gelu to the southern mountain pass (over 3000 meters above sea level) to the Kunlun mountain pass (over Kunlun, 4200 meters above sea level, the tunnel 1686 meters above sea level), which was opened on September 26, 2002. How could the people of Mount Kunlun not be proud of him?) Wind Volcano (opened October 29, 2002, the tallest tunnel in the world) → Kokosiri (uninhabited area) → Sanjiaohe → Tuohe River from which the Yangtze River originated → Tanggula Pass → Ando → Naduo → Dangxiong (61 km from the lake) → Nian Qingtang Gula → Yang Baji → Lhasa. " The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, with a total of 1142km in phase II and 1965 km from Xining to Lhasa, was mysterious and beautiful. It was a world-class project to overcome high altitude, hypoxia, long years of low temperature, snow, strong winds, thunderstorms, mountaineering, and permafrost zones (more than 550km long, at the mouth of a wind volcano, the permafrost was over 100m thick). The Goddess should be unharmed and should shock the world. A flying dragon piercing through Qing Zang, the natural moat has changed routes. " The journey to the peak of the Qing Zang world, paving the way for the heavens, creating a miracle of the world! A huge steel dragon appeared in the sky, flying above the Tibetan Plateau on the roof of the world! Comrades, don't you want to go and take a look?

Ticket Prices for Qinghai-Tibet Railway

The whole journey from Beijing to Lhasa is 4064 km with a ticket price of 389 yuan, 813 yuan for hard sleeper and 1262 yuan for soft sleeper.

Chengdu to Lhasa 3360km, hard seat ticket 331 yuan, hard sleeper (down) 712 yuan, soft sleeper (down) 1104 yuan.

The whole journey from Chongqing to Lhasa is 3654 kilometers, with a ticket price of 355 yuan for a hard seat, 754 yuan for a hard sleeper and 1168 yuan for a soft sleeper.

Lanzhou to Lhasa 2188 km, hard seat ticket price 242 yuan, hard sleeper (lower) 552 yuan, soft sleeper (lower) 854 yuan.

The whole journey from Xining to Lhasa is 1972 km, with a ticket price of 226 yuan for a hard seat, 523 yuan for a hard sleeper and 810 yuan for a soft sleeper.

The railway line from Shanghai to Lhasa has not yet been opened, but a transit route can be chosen, as follows:

Scenario

departure station

Transition Station

arrival station

total mileage

Detailed Time

Programme 1

Shanghai

Xi'an

Lhasa

4373

Detailed Time

Programme 2

Shanghai

Lanzhou

Lhasa

4373

Detailed Time

Programme 3

Shanghai

sinine

Lhasa

4373

Detailed Time

Programme 4

Shanghai

Treasure Chicken

Lhasa

4373

Detailed Time

Programme 5

Shanghai

Guangyuan

Lhasa

5073

Detailed Time

Programme 6

Shanghai

Shijiazhuang

Lhasa

5197

Detailed Time

Programme 7

Shanghai

Guangyuan

Lhasa

5342

Detailed Time

Programme 8

Shanghai

Florida

Lhasa

5580

Detailed Time

Programme 9

Shanghai

Chengdu

Lhasa

5711

Detailed Time

Programme 10

Shanghai

Chengdu

Lhasa

5938

On July 1, 2006, after a full five years of hard work, the "Qinghai-Tibet Railway", the second issue of the General Meeting, was held in the Qing-Hai Grumwood and Lhasa, Tibet.

The Chinese people still want to repeat the national anthem --

"Get up! People who don't want to be slaves! To build our flesh and blood into our new Great Wall, the Chinese nation has arrived, the most dangerous moment. For the sake of the people, defend China and fight against the enemy. Get up! Get up! Get up! All of us are determined to advance through the enemy's fire! Take the risk of enemy fire, advance! Forward! Forward! Forward! Enter!

Get up! People who don't want to be slaves! To build our flesh and blood into our new Great Wall, the Chinese nation has arrived, the most dangerous moment. For the sake of the people, defend China and fight against the enemy. Get up! Get up! Get up! All of us are determined to advance through the enemy's fire! Take the risk of enemy fire, advance! Forward! Forward! Forward! "Enter!"

"Get up! Unwilling to be slaves, the great leader of our new long march, the Chinese people have arrived at the most dangerous moment. For the sake of the people, defend China and fight against the enemy. Get up! Get up! Get up! We hold the flag high and march! Raise the flag and move forward! Forward! Forward! Forward! Enter!

Get up! Unwilling to be slaves, the great leader of our new long march, the Chinese people have arrived at the most dangerous moment. For the sake of the people, defend China and fight against the enemy. Get up! Get up! Get up! We hold the flag high and march! Raise the flag and move forward! Forward! Forward! Forward! "Enter!"