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If there was one person who was really powerful, it would be Wu Zixu. Because his father and brother had been killed by King Chu Ping, he escaped alone, sneaked through the pass, begged for food in Wu City, and suffered through all sorts of difficulties and dangers. She suffered through all kinds of hardships, but after nine battles, she had fallen to Ying Du, destroyed her ancestral temple, dug the tomb of the King, and whipped her corpse to avenge his father and brother.

It was a matter of last resort for him to 'leave'. If he was forced to leave, there would be deep hatred and hatred. At the very least, he would be gnashing his teeth. It was fine if he did not return, but if the 'prodigal' turned around, tears and blood would flow. This was human nature, and it made sense. The Chinese have always been famous for their 'running vigor', as it used to be, as it is now, and I'm afraid it will be again. In history, the princess was covered in dust while the king's grandson was in trouble. It was a common occurrence for commoners to flee and live as they pleased. The Yearly Wasteland ran in all directions. The world was troubled, but desperate, and officials came and went in terror, soldiers to the point of terror, and thieves to the point of fear. As the saying goes, 'Thieves come like a gate, soldiers come like a comb, officials come like a hair.' Under the power of the third layer, how could he not have the ability to run? It could also be seen why the 'Go' was considered a 'Plan up' in the thirty-six stratagems.

Therefore, the 'way of leaving' was ever-changing. It could be roughly divided into two categories: one was' Wen Dai ', and the other was' Wu Dai '. In history, there were many examples of 'Wen Dai'. Most of them were used to 'deceive the heavens and ocean', 'Golden Cicada', and so on. If Sun Bin escaped from this calamity, he would be walking away; the soldiers who disguised themselves to sneak across would be walking away, and the people who walked away would also appear; Kong Xiu had once stolen a letter from the Valley; Lv Buwei had craftily returned to another person. The one who left the most was, he escaped the danger at the Hongmen Banquet, was trapped in the Ying Yang and escaped Bai Dengcheng, he only escaped based on Zhang Liang and Chen Ping's scheme. Therefore, the two of them repeatedly took risks and fled, and even taught others how to escape. For example, they incited Han Xin to return to the Han Dynasty, lamented and scattered the soldiers, plotted An Liu, and even went up the mountain to search for the way out of disaster by Zhang Liang himself. "All of these are not missing anything like 'Wen Li'." Wu Dai had to go through a fierce and bloody battle. The most famous of them all was Guan Gong's' five trials and six generals'. In the Spring and Autumn Period, she had fled from the Jin Dynasty with her ears tied and Tang Ming Huang had taken refuge in Sichuan. The one who started off the most was Cao Cao Cao, who attempted to stab Dong Zhuo while he was trying to escape. All of his encounters in life were similar as he ran and ran, and can be testified by the short Zhang Song: 'When the Prime Minister drove the troops to everywhere, victory is guaranteed. When he attacked Bi Ke, Songyi knew that in the days of Pu Yang's battle against Lv Bu, Wan City would meet with Zhou on the Red Cliff, Hua Rong would meet Guan Yu. They would abandon their robes at Tongguan, and seize the ship to avoid the arrows of the enemy, and they would all be invincible under the heavens.' The mockery in front of him was extremely satisfying. It could be seen how good Cao Cao's running technique was.

That's what I call forty-eight. Perhaps you do not understand the individual schemes, such as the octagonal opening, the southern path, neutrality and so on. In fact, to open one's mouth to the point was to reveal one's secret openly, to hide nothing, to be secretive and unsecretive; to diverge from one another was to deliberately circle around; to be neutral was to maintain the middle route of Confucianism. As for the other strategies, we can use them to understand and understand the meaning behind them. "

"Good!" The eighty-four tactics that General Song spoke of have greatly expanded the horizons of our army. The profits are not small, it is truly a cause for celebration! That's all for today's lecture. Let's continue tomorrow. "

After Murong Tianshui finished speaking, he stood up and waved the banner of command.

Below the podium, the three armies marched back to their battalions.

Dunhuang, a dazzling pearl on the Gobi Desert of the Western Regions. She welcomed a new day, which was already the middle of winter in the third year of Big Liang Kaiping (909), November 4th. She lay on the west bank of the Party River in the full light of the sun. However, she was one of the most important towns on the border, and was one of the most important thoroughfares of the Silk Road. Therefore, the army had to be stationed here, in order to maintain the order of the city gates so that the enemies wouldn't invade. The Silk Road started from Chang'an, the ancient capital of the Central Plains, and went through the "River West Corridor" to enter the Western Regions. They all had to pass through Dunhuang City. Dunhuang County was established here for six years (111 BC) of the Han Dynasty's Primordial Cauldron. Li Hao established his capital there in the first year of Geng Zi (400 AD), and built it permanently for two years (421 AD). Tang Wu De spent two years (619) in this province, calling the Dunhuang the Shazhou because there was a Sonic Sand Mountain in the south.

If one walked into the Dunhuang today, they would see the ever-changing fairyland. As a storyteller, I will tell you the story here. I hope you can feel at home!

Mogao's cave

Sonic Sand Mountain

Yumen

On both sides of the road, it was as if two waves had risen into the air. It was ethereal and unpredictable, as if it was in a fairyland. One could even see what seemed to be buildings moving about in the waves. It made people suddenly wake up to see a mirage!

There was a bus from Jia Yu Prison to Dunhuang every day. It was opened at 2: 30 AM and it would take about 5 to 6 hours to reach the Dunhuang bus station. That day was extremely short, because if he couldn't catch the train, he would have to rent a car and go to the Dunhuang. The cost of hire a car was extremely high, at least five or six hundred yuan. The taxi drivers between the two places are able to breathe easily. If the price is less than 500 yuan, then there will be a lot of nonsense. There is no sincerity in negotiating the price with you at all.

However, we finally caught up with the bus, but before we could get on the bus, the bus had already started moving. I was glad that I still had the Jiayuguan bus station in my Chinese atlas, so I called ahead to reserve two seats. Otherwise, we would have to spend several hundred more yuan to take a taxi to Dunhuang.

When it was almost 8 PM in Dunhuang, the sky was still bright. It was about nine o'clock in the evening, they said, before the sun set. We had booked a hotel through a travel card, but the price was not cheap, and we were always reluctant to let it go. On the opposite side of the street from the Dunhuang bus station, they saw a guest house.

Meeting Camel at the Moon Gap

At five o'clock the next morning, we were ready to set off for the Sonic Sand Mountain's Crescent Spring.

The Sonic Sand Mountain is located about 5 km south of Dunhuang City, which is a key scenic spot in the country. The whole mountain was made of fine grains of yellow sand. When a strong wind blew, the mountain would emit a loud noise, and when the wind blew, the mountain would emit a sound like a string of bamboo, hence it was called Sonic Sand Mountain. People said that there were two special things about the Sonic Sand Mountain. One was that if a person were to descend from the top of the mountain, the sand under their feet would rustle. The second is that the footprints left behind by the people during the day would be gone without a trace the next day.

The Crescent Spring was surrounded by the Sonic Sand Mountain. Because the water surface looked like a crescent moon, it was called the Crescent Spring. Tian Zhen's "Moon Spring" was singing of this beautiful place.

The source of the Crescent Spring was the Party River. Leaning on the river, surrounded by yellow sand, the Spring Water was still clear and bright. Furthermore, it hadn't been dried up in a thousand years. However, in recent years, the river between the Party River and the Crescent Spring has been cut off, only artificial means can be used to maintain the status quo of the spring.

The Sonic Sand Mountain's Crescent Spring required a camel ride to play, which would take about two hours. Camels, on the surface, seem very docile and kind, and people have always believed in them. In fact, camels are very stubborn. If they don't like you, then they don't like you. Fortunately, we have always been friendly. Camels, horses, dogs, and cats have all been good to us, so don't worry about it.

The most dangerous steps on a camel's back were the two steps in which the camel got up and squatted down. The unexpected 'coax' was as if it was riding a crazy roller coaster, causing it to lose a great deal of weight. As for walking in the desert on a camel, that was a kind of fun. When a camel was walking, it moved in a very rhythmic way and was very enjoyable in a wobble.

Kowtow to Dunhuang

The Mogao's cave was also known as the "Thousand Buddha Cave" and was about 25 kilometers away from the city center of the Dunhuang. It had always been known as the "Pearl of the Eastern Arts" and was the largest cave in China, which had been preserved for ten dynasties. After thousands of years, there were nearly five hundred caves, more than 45,000 square meters of frescoes and more than 2,000 colored sculptures. The subjects were mostly taken from Buddhist stories, and there were also murals reflecting the folklore of the time. These frescoes have an unparalleled craftsmanship and are widely regarded as the "dawn of human civilization" and the treasure-house of the world's Buddhist art.

Mogao's cave was actually a treasure trove of cultural relics. There were more than 50,000 pieces of scrolls, documents, embroidery, portraits and so on in the Scripture Cave. The value of the art was extremely high, but it was a pity that the Mogao's cave's Taoist Wang was ignorant, and all the treasures were stolen abroad.

I once read an academic essay, "The Stein Humiliation of the Academic", which was a reflection on the loss of cultural heritage and cultural relics in the Old Western Regions. No one who had been to the Western Regions did not know about Stein and Svenhin, who had looted countless historical and cultural relics. Although, from another perspective, they had unraveled a part of the historical mystery of the Western Regions and allowed the world to engage in systematic archaeological exploration, their despicable act of theft and deception was unacceptable as Chinese people. This kind of pain and loss of the treasury was deep to the bone. Just thinking about it made his heart go numb.

Right now, under the Three Dangerous Mountains opposite of the Mogao's cave, the Dunhuang Art Exhibition Center had been built, and part of the original cave had been copied. This not only protected the cultural relics within the cave, but also enriched the content of the tour.

yang Guan encountered a mirage at his former location

The Yumen was about 80 kilometers away from the Dunhuang. In the northwest direction, the Gobi Desert was in the opposite direction from the yang Guan, forming a triangle with it. The ancient Silk Road was divided into the north and the south from the Dunhuang. The Dunhuang was the boundary point between the south road and the north road, and it went through the north to enter Hami and Turpan, and south to enter the Lou Lan, Ruoqiang and other places.

The name of the Yumen was related to the King of Jades and Tian Yu. It was said that "He Tian Yu" was imported into the Central Plains through this route, hence the name of the Yumen. Only the ruins of the existing wall remained. In the midst of it, one could still feel the faint aura of iron, horse, and spear at the border. One could not help but sigh at the heaviness and desolation of history.

Not far away, in the Gobi Oasis, sheep were scattered like stars in the sky. The dazzling sunlight made people lose themselves.

The yang Guan was located on an antique beach west of Dunhuang City. The ancient city of Guandong was a farmland, in the distance was the abandoned site of Shouchang City, the sand dunes on three sides surrounded by sand beams, the quicksand was boundless as far as the eye could see, in the north was a Han Dynasty flintlock, well-preserved. The east is the Red Mountain Pass, and the west has a deep trench in the north and south.

Now, the ancient yang Guan was buried under the quicksand and the new museum was constructed. However, as they climbed a few mountain ridges from the ancient beach to the west, they could still see the ruins of the yang Guan. The wall foundation was as high as an ankle and the broken tiles and bricks were scattered all over the place.

On the straight road in the middle of the desert, we had the chance to see another wonder of the Dunhuang — the Mirage. I heard that it is the easiest to see surging "seawater", "mountains", "buildings", and "cities" on the highways from Dunhuang to yang Guan. These views loomed in and out of view in the clear and hot weather.

At the beginning, we did not pay attention to it, nor did we know that we could easily see the legendary mirage. It was 12: 30 in the morning and our car had broken down and the driver was fixing it. I got out of the car in the heat and stood on the Gobi beach with my parasol in front of me, trying to comfort me. I knew it wouldn't do either the parasol or the suntan lotion, but I had to resign myself to fate.

Then I saw something I had never seen before.

On both sides of the road, it was as if two waves had risen into the air. It was ethereal and unpredictable, as if it was in a fairyland. One could even see what appeared to be buildings roaming about in the waves. I thought I was seeing things, so I shook my head hard and looked again. I suddenly realized that I had seen a mirage.

Later, when I looked up relevant scientific information, I learned that the mirage was actually an optical illusion created by the atmospheric refraction of light reflected by objects on Earth. The weather conditions of most mirages depend on the abnormal distribution of temperature.

In summer, the desert was scorching hot, the temperature rose rapidly, the lower air temperature around the desert rose, and the upper air temperature was still very low, which formed the abnormal distribution of temperature, because of the thermal expansion and contraction, the lower hot air density close to the sandy soil was small, while the upper cold air density was large, when the light reflected from the higher objects in the distance, which entered the lower air from the upper dense air, was continuously refracted, its incidence angle gradually increased until it was equal to the critical angle, and then the whole reflected light would be seen if one looked at the reflection light.

Travelling Tips

Transportation: There are no direct buses in Dunhuang city, you can rent your own car to go, the cost is about 150 yuan (can negotiate). There are many Chinese and Pakistani direct Mogao's cave in the city, the ticket price is about 2 yuan.

Ticket: 30 RMB in the off-season, 40 RMB in the high-season, 50 RMB in the Mogao's cave; 80 RMB in the Mogao's cave (including 10 RMB in the typical caves of Mogao's cave and 10 RMB in the museum); 40 RMB per person in the museum of yang Guan.

Special tip: No photographing is allowed in Mogao's cave; caves are not open on rainy days; it is best to bring a flashlight when visiting (you can rent it outside the scenic area); it is best to choose to visit in the morning (due to the limited number of visitors and the better light in the morning).

Well, let's go back to the main story --

At this moment, the Dunhuang City was still in a neat and orderly state under the protection of the Murong Army, and its face was glowing. The soldiers of the three armies once again filed into the military training grounds, ready to receive a new military speech.

"Soldiers!" Murong Tianshui stood on the podium and said to the soldiers of the three armies: "Two days ago, we lectured on" Sun Tzu "," Sun Tzu "," Sun Tzu ", and thirty-six to eighty-four strategies. This made us understand history, war, and the principles and techniques of war. However, this was far from enough. He still needed to learn and train more. Today, I plan to ask the General Song to explain the《 Wu Zi Armament》 to you, and then I will explain the《 Sima Wu》 to you. After saying that, we will begin our physical combat skills training. We will also have to train our military tactics and arrange troops in formations to enhance our combat skills and adaptability, and to improve the quality of our entire army! Good! "Next, I shall ask General Song to begin his lecture on the 'Art of War'."

With that, Murong Tianshui nodded towards Song Kejin who was seated down, and turned around to take his seat.

At this time, General Song Kejin said to the whole army, "This book written by Wu Qi, < Wu Zi Zi >, is comparable to < Sun Zi's Military Method >. It has had a profound impact on the development of military ideology in ancient China. Therefore, military experts, generals and scholars have always regarded it as the "Sun Zi's Military Law" and also known as "Sun Wu's Military Law", and regarded it as a classic of military studies. So it is extremely necessary for us to study this military book.

However, as the saying goes, 'Those who are able to do it may not be able to speak, while those who are able to speak may not be able to .' As a result, the Grand History of Sima Qian said, "The grandson's plan is Pang Pang Ming, of course we can't save him from the punishment." Wu Qi said that the Wu Hou did not live up to their expectations, and thus did not show any mercy. "Mourning!" This was Grand History's evaluation of Wu Qi.

Wu Qi was a militarist and statesman in the early period of the Warring States Period. He was a member of Wei Dynasty's Zuojie (Northwest of Cao County, Shandong Province). His life was filled with talent and bravery, and he had experienced 76 battles in his life. He had actually won a total of 864 battles, and the other 12 battles had been evenly matched! He had held important military and political positions such as General Lu, General Weiguo, Protector of the West River County, Guardian of the Chu, and Commander of the Ling Family.

When he first became a general, he led the weak army against the enemy of the powerful, cleverly used troops, defeated the allied army, and first established a miraculous achievement. During the Wei period, Wu Qi reformed the government, reorganized the military affairs, fought a great war with the dukes, and achieved outstanding results. Later on, he went to the Chu to assist the King of Eulogy in transforming Chu from a weak one to a strong one. His "Legend of Wu Qi, the Grandmaster of Records" declared that he was "at the level of Bai Yue in the south, Chen and Cai in the north, but at the level of three Jin in the north", and that he was a powerful figure that could shake all the nobles in the west. The death of the eulogy king and the death of Wu Qi was a tragic and tragic end of a lifetime, yet another heroic soul in history!

However, his "Wu Zi" military strategy, but left a profound impact on the future generations. The content of Wu Zi coincided with the relevant historical data recorded, which basically reflected the war characteristics of the Warring States Period and Wu Qi's military ideology. Wu Zi's book, which was written in the early period of Warring States, not only inherited and developed the theory of Sun Zi's Military Law, but also summed up Zhan Guo and its rich and varied combat experience, which was quite unique and incomparable with Sun Zi's Military Law.

The military ideology of Wu Zi was quite rich, and its core was to emphasize 'the internal and external management and military preparations', that is to say, to strengthen and consolidate political rule at home and abroad, to prepare actively for foreign wars and to establish a strong army brigade in order to facilitate mergers and acquisitions. Wu Qi had increased her combat experience to theory and summed up many principles of active combat. In today's view, they are still of great value for reference. "Next, the entire army will listen to my explanation of the military strategy of Wu Zi."

Tutu First

Wu Qi, dressed in scholarly robes, met with Wei Wenhou.

"Wei Wenzhou's surname is Ji, the founder of the Weiguo in the early days of the Warring States Kingdom, and the reformer of the newly established feudal classes. The first 445 to 396 were the fifty years of reign. He appointed Li Li as the prime minister, Wu Qi, Le Yang as the general, and Siemens as the official. From then on, the Weiguo became more and more rich and powerful, and became a great duke. "

Wen Hou said: "It's not good for the military to be alone."

Beginning: "What was wrong with the Lord in the past when the subject saw that he was in seclusion? In the fourth hour of this year, the king cut off the leather, covering it with red paint, painting it with dan-qing, and shining it with a rhinoceros image. Winter clothes are not warm, summer clothes are not cold. The long halberd was 24 feet and the short halberd was 12 feet. If you look at a cart with a dying man and a mantelpiece, you will see that it is not beautiful, and when you look at a field, you will see that it is not light. Do you not know that the Lord has used it? If they were prepared to retreat and fight, if they didn't want to be of use, like the beaver of a chicken or the tiger of a dog, they would die along with them, even if they had the will to fight. In the past, the ruler of the Sang family had cultivated the martial arts to destroy his country. There was a Hu family (Legend has it that it was a tribe in the time of Xia Yu.) The ruler of all men shall mourn his kingdom by virtue of his valor. Ming master appraisal, will be inside Xiuwen De, external control of the military. "To be an enemy but not to advance is to fail in righteousness; to mourn a zombie is to fail in benevolence."

So Wen Hou made a table for himself, and his wife named him Wu and named him a general in the temple, who guarded the river west from the west. Fighting with a duke for seventy-six, with a complete victory of sixty-four, with the remainder being the final victory. It was a great effort to cover the four sides of the mountain, as well as to cover a thousand miles.

Wu Zizi: "In the past, those who have a picture of the country must first teach the people to kiss. There were four types of discord: If there was no harmony between countries, there was no way to leave the army; if there was no harmony, there was no way to leave the army; if there was no harmony, there was no way to enter the war; if there was no conflict, there was no decisive battle. With the Lord of the Dao, he would use his people to make peace and create great things. He did not dare to believe in his own scheme. He would report him to the Ancestral Temple, to the Yuan Turtle, and when he did, he would act accordingly. The people know that the Lord loves his life and cherishes his death. If this is the case, then when the time comes for him to die, it will be a matter of pride and shame. "

Wu Zizhi said, "A man of the Dao, therefore, it is a retrenchment. Righteous people did meritorious deeds. The schemer, so the harm was to his advantage. The important ones, so the security is in place. If you do not walk the right path, do not act righteously, but live in a place of great honor, the sufferings will come to you. Therefore the sage to appease the Dao, reason righteousness, to salute, to caress the heart. Cultivators of these four virtues would be excited by cultivation while those who were crippled would be disappointed. Cheng Tang surnamed Zi, originally called Da Yi, Gao Zu Yi, also known as Wu Tang, Shang Tang, formerly known as the Marquis of Xia Dynasty. He was the founder of the Shang Dynasty. He was the last monarch of the Xia Dynasty. Zhou Wu cut down the Zhou Dynasty and Yin Man is no exception. Zhou Wu was Zhou Wu Wang. Ji was surnamed and famous. Originally a marquis of the Shang Dynasty, she overthrew the tyrannical rule of King Zang and established the Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Dynasty was King Zhou Wuwu's extermination of Shang Zang Wang, Di Xin, also known as King Yin Zang. To raise Shuntian is natural. "

Wu Zizhi said: "When a nation rules, it must be taught to bow, to encourage righteousness, and to make it shameful. Madame was shameless. If it was big enough to fight, then small enough to defend. A victory over an easy opponent was a victory over another. In the Warring States of the world, there were five victors, four winners, three winners, two winners, and one winner, the Emperor. "It is rare to find a victor in this world, and it is rare to find a victor in this world."

Wu Zizhi said: "There are five places where a soldier is made: one day for fame, two days for profit, three days for wickedness, four days for chaos, and five days for hunger. Its name was also five: One Day Soldiers, Two Days Soldiers, Three Days Soldiers, Four Days Soldiers, Five Days Soldiers. No violence is allowed to save the righteous, to take advantage of the masses to destroy the Japanese, to destroy the Japanese because of anger, to abstain from gifts, to avenge the Japanese, to cripple the Japanese, to cause the Japanese to turn against the masses. Each of the five shall be clothed in their own way. They shall be dressed in formal attire, and the strong shall be humbled, and the strong shall be subdued, and the violent shall be swindled, and the powerful shall be subdued. "