Chapter 790

Wei zhenxue still thinks that the girls in biology department are very good.

It's not only Wang Xiaoyun and grace who feed rats and mice with love every day, but also Tan min, the experimental assistant recruited in the later stage, takes care of them with painstaking care.

If Wei zhenxue's vocabulary is a little richer, he will use "love" to describe the scene here.

In addition, grace also convinced Yang Rui to order a batch of pigeons and suitable pigeon cages to be raised in the yard next door. The two small yards are separated from each other to form a corner of the breeding yard.

Yang Rui seldom goes to the yard where rats, mice and pigeons are raised. When he gets to his position, he usually just needs to make plans. Yang Rui can choose what he wants to do and refuse what he doesn't want to do. This is one of the advantages of having his own laboratory.

However, although he seldom went to the breeding house, Yang Rui established the 3R principle in the form of system, which was the first animal experiment of Huarui laboratory and the direction of subsequent animal experiments.

In addition, Yang Rui also wrote the 3R principle as a slogan, painted on the walls of the breeding house, and even on every lock of the breeding house, painted with 3R yellow font.

3R is the abbreviation of reduction and replace. Reduction refers to the use of less animals in scientific research to obtain the same or more experimental data. Generally speaking, the use of animals should be the minimum number that can achieve the experimental purpose. Moreover, the use of animals should not exceed the minimum number that can obtain meaningful experimental results for the sake of saving time or personal convenience.

The former requires the use of other methods instead of animal experiments as far as possible, while the latter is to improve and perfect the experimental procedures, reduce and reduce the pain and injury caused by experimental animals, in short, to improve animal welfare.

This theory was established in 59 years, but it was not until the 1970s that the major developed countries in the world gradually became popular. However, the third world countries such as China have not yet been widely involved.

Although there are some researchers who oppose the 3R principle, Yang Rui himself is not among them. He is willing to support the moral status of animals within his ability.

As the boss of the laboratory, Yang Rui decided the animal principle of 3R, which must be implemented by Wei zhenxue, Huang Mao and Li Wenqiang.

In fact, there is no need for them to object. The 3R principle is only to reduce the harm of animals in the process of animal experiments, not to interfere with experiments.

Of course, in order to use the least number of mice, all participants in the experiment must make careful and reasonable preparation before the experiment, analyze the experimental data, and do more statistical analysis to ensure that there will be no statistical difference in this number of experiments.

Compared with ordinary experiments, it naturally takes more effort and time, but Yang Rui thinks it is worth it. As a biologist, Yang Rui supports the moral status of animals, that is, if a life is perceptive, it has a moral status.

Compared with Wei zhenxue, Huang Mao and others, and focusing on the reduction, grace further improved to optimization.

In order to conform to the living habits of mice and rats, she changed the feeding time to night. She strictly regulated the lighting control of the breeding house, and required that the breeders should not turn on the lights at night, so as not to affect the lives of rats and mice.

The living space of mice and rats has also been changed because of grace. At her insistent request, the workload of the breeding house has at least doubled.

But in fact, that is, the cost of paying dozens of yuan more a month and employing one more research team.

After a few days of balance period, Comrade Wei zhenxue, Yang Rui's assistant, under the guidance of grace, selected 55 mice, rats and 11 pigeons, did simple physical examination, such as measuring body weight, and began to add iron through food.

In a few days, mice, rats and pigeons exposed to iron by mouth entered the state of iron poisoning.

Grace explained to Yang Rui that immediately starting grouping and dosing was equivalent to depriving van lunding of his only work value.

Wei zhenxue, as an assistant, naturally wants to take an active part in it, but he is not very adapted to mice, so he came to the breeding house and asked, "can I be responsible for pigeons?"

Grace and Wang Xiaoyun have strange eyes.

Wang Xiaoyun asked: "are you sure a person is responsible for pigeons?"

"I know that the number of pigeons is relatively small, but the number of pigeons is relatively large. I'll feed the pigeons. You two and Tan min feed the mice. On average, the number is almost the same?" When Wei zhenxue doesn't make second mistakes occasionally, he is still a little sensible.

"Tan Min wants to feed the healthy mice over there, but if you want to be responsible for pigeons alone, we can also be responsible for mice and rats." Wang Xiaoyun is full of humility."Really? Don't worry. I'll feed the pigeons. "

"It's in charge of pigeons."

"Yes, it's the pigeon in charge." Wei zhenxue smiles.

Several people evenly distributed, under the guidance of grace, began to feed deferrone oral preparations made of different active substances, and made detailed records.

Mice, rats and pigeons can get similar dosage.

All these experimental animals were also mentioned in the auxiliary laboratory, so that other researchers including Yang Rui could observe the specific situation.

The purpose of the whole animal experiment is to observe whether there are serious drug reactions, such as severe allergies, teratogenesis and even death. The drugs made from this active substance are basically eliminated.

At least two or three percent of new drugs were discontinued in animal experiments.

Drugs that can't pass animal experiments can't be given to people. In other words, this kind of drug is not qualified for clinical testing. In fact, there are some problems. For example, animals and people may not get the same allergic reactions. Therefore, people may not be allergic to drugs that are allergic to animals.

However, few pharmaceutical companies will analyze the problem in this way. Some pharmaceutical chemists are even lazy to screen the causes of allergies. This is because the judicial proceedings in Europe and the United States are too active. If there is a problem in animal experiments and they still insist on clinical trials, the amount of compensation will make any pharmaceutical enterprise big.

Under the system of jurors and punitive fines, some pharmaceutical enterprises will receive huge fines even if they have not done anything wrong. Therefore, it is a wise choice for century old enterprises to raise the enterprise standards.

Although in this social situation, some drugs that could treat important diseases were rejected, European and American countries still stubbornly adhere to their drug review system.

In contrast, it is much easier for Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises to survive. At least things like proprietary Chinese medicine can still easily enter hospitals and pharmacies and generate a lot of revenue.

However, the cost of modern pharmaceutical development is not affordable by the Chinese market. Only when deferoxane is listed abroad can it recover the principal.

If you want to sell the patent of deferonone, you have to show the expectation of profit.

Even grace knows the logic. She doesn't care about money, but she knows the importance of money in the pharmaceutical industry.

If there is an infinite amount of money invested in pharmaceutical enterprises, although it can not make human beings live forever without disease, it is still possible to solve the disease pain of 90% of the world's people and extend the average life span of 90% of modern people in decades.

Unfortunately, there is not so much evil money in the world.

Grace cherished Huarui, a company willing to pay for rare diseases. When the experiment began, grace withdrew the hotel room and stayed in the guest room of Huarui laboratory. Every day, she observed, cared for and recorded the process of the experiment.

One week later, two active substances developed drug allergy and liver dysfunction respectively, and were forced to withdraw from the screening.

Then, the pigeon in charge of Wei zhenxue also began to have adverse reactions - vomiting.

Looking at a large amount of vomit appeared in the pigeon cage, Wei zhenxue wanted to cry without tears, while cleaning and complaining: "why did the pigeon I was responsible for vomit? So many of you mice are fine. "

"Because mice don't vomit." Wang Xiaoyun is innocent.

Wei zhenxue, a chemistry major, was at a loss: "what's the meaning of not vomiting?"

"There's a diaphragm between the two stomachs of the rat, and it's not able to belch or vomit. So, rats don't vomit Wang Xiaoyun made a serious explanation.

"Are there really any animals that can't vomit?" Wei zhenxue doesn't believe it.

"Mice, rabbits, horses and guinea pigs do not vomit, so they are easily poisoned. Guinea pigs are not sensitive to vomit." Wang Xiaoyun stopped for a moment, like a lecture, and continued: "pigeons, dogs, monkeys and cats are sensitive to vomiting, so they are suitable for vomiting experiments."

Wei zhenxue was stunned for a moment. He slowly turned back and looked at the pigeon cage. He hesitated: "what do you mean..."

"For drugs, vomiting reaction is a must test item. Therefore, for each active substance, it is necessary to determine whether it will cause vomiting reaction." Wang Xiaoyun patted Wei zhenxue on the shoulder and said, "please be responsible for the pigeons."

……