Chapter 590

It's OK to write any patent application, but if you want to prevent the wave like infringement, you must write it very carefully, and you must have the counsel to write it.

The so-called technology industry has a specialty. People engaged in scientific research may be good at their own scientific research field, but they need the assistance of professional patent lawyers to apply for patents for their scientific research achievements.

This is especially true in the pharmaceutical industry. Taking Yang Rui's experience in graduate school as an example, most of the pharmaceutical factories that invited professors to guide them were aimed at adding a useless side chain to the formed compound, such as amoxicillin. At least two digit manufacturers in China produced amoxicillin with different side chains and similar effects, which did not violate the patent law.

If you want to describe it, it is equivalent to each manufacturer grafting different notes on the same tree, and then selling the grafted tree species.

It's the trunks that work, not the grafted trunks, but patent lawyers can't prove it, and the patent for trunks is meaningless.

Of course, grafting, or adding side chains, does not mean that you can increase them. It's easy to add a side chain to a compound, but it's not easy to make the side chain ineffective. Generally speaking, compounds with added side chains will have beneficial or harmful results, most of which are harmful. If you get beneficial results, it's naturally the best. If you get harmful results, such as reducing efficacy and increasing side effects, it depends on whether it exceeds the standard.

To avoid this kind of thing, it is necessary to write extremely professional patent applications, and often need patent lawyers to argue, in order to get the patent.

In addition, there are more than 200 different medical laws in more than 200 countries around the world. Foreign countries are not a country, Europe and the United States are not a country, and even the laws of the United States are not the same. In order to apply for patents in the federal United States, it is inevitable to do different legal work in different states.

It costs money, and it's expensive.

The fees of lawyers are always how expensive they come from.

Why are Chinese enterprises unwilling to apply for patents in the 1980s or 1990s? Because it's not cost-effective, the lawyers can't afford to pay for their air tickets.

In fact, even the world's largest pharmaceutical companies can't apply for patents in more than 200 countries at the same time, and they still have priorities.

For example, until China's accession to the WTO, it was out of the patent circle. Even large pharmaceutical companies did not expect to get patent fees from China.

Because of the complexity of China's laws, large pharmaceutical companies can't find suitable agents, and it's difficult to win a lawsuit even if they find suitable agents. In this case, multinational pharmaceutical companies won't easily start legal weapons - they're useless and expensive. What should they do.

Some people may say that this state seems to be very good. Generic drugs can greatly reduce people's medical costs, save the patent fees for foreigners, and can be put into more people's livelihood work.

However, the reality has always been to reward diligence and punish laziness. Not to mention the economic and sociological level, as far as the drug itself is concerned, the life without paying the patent fee will not last long.

After the human genome project, pharmaceutical companies all over the world have begun to pay attention to genetics. In less than ten or twenty years, drugs targeting genes will appear. The side effect may be that different solutions will be available for different genes.

In fact, post World War II studies have found that some drugs have different effects on different groups of people, not only in terms of efficacy, but also in terms of side effects.

For example, allopurinol, which was found in the 1980s, has a very high probability of side effects on yellow people. There are many kinds of side effects, and it has a mortality rate. However, it does not have lethal side effects on white people and black people, and the probability of allergy is also low. Therefore, if overseas Chinese use this kind of drug, they have to do a genetic screening to see if there is a lethal gene. Because genetic screening costs hundreds of yuan, Chinese people naturally do not do it. Hospitals are also lazy to do it. It depends on their luck whether they die or not. Anyway, the chance of winning the lottery is not much different, If you're lucky, you can still give first aid

It often takes ten or twenty years for modern drugs to be put on the market. If Chinese people are always out of the patent circle, foreign pharmaceutical companies relying on patents will not make drugs for Chinese people for free. If Chinese pharmaceutical companies work hard, they may be able to produce several kinds of drugs for Chinese people. However, there are thousands of diseases on the earth. For the same diseases, it's good for foreigners to take medicine. Chinese people can only have tears in their eyes, and they are uncomfortable in any way.

For Yang Rui, the benefits of PCR must also be reflected through patents.

In order to firmly grasp the patent right of PCR, Yang Rui also spared no expense. The lawyer Li Zhangzhen got not only has a beautiful resume, a remarkable career, but also a remarkable charge. Starting from boarding the plane, the charge of $300 per hour means that Yang Rui has to spend thousands of dollars to get to Beijing alone. The whole case takes less than a week, At least fifty thousand dollars.The $50000 in 1984 is also the salary of an ordinary professor in the United States. This is just the time for license acquisition. Subsequent patent applications may take months or even years, and there is also the cost.

Therefore, patent is the patent of the rich, and it is the embodiment of Matthew effect. However, patent legislation is the cheapest and simplest way to protect one's rights.

While waiting for the lawyer to handle the immigration matters, Yang Rui made persistent efforts to continue the experiment.

If it's a biography of Chinese characters, maybe even though the gel is a strip, it will be accomplished. However, the real laboratory never pays attention to the real evidence.

Half of the research done, the most valuable inspiration to show not to do, and then was robbed of the research results of the fool, unknown.

Yang Rui first filmed the whole process of the video recorder, and then did the original experiment again. Fortunately and naturally, he got the same result.

By the way, it cost thousands of dollars for the video.

Huang Mao's eyelids jump when he spends money like running water.

As the deputy director of the laboratory, Huang Mao felt that he had the responsibility to persuade Yang Rui. Most importantly, he and Tu Xian and Wang Xiaoyun resigned to come to Huarui laboratory. They not only valued the high salary, but also hoped to make a career in this era of reform.

If Huarui laboratory goes bankrupt because of Yang Rui's misdeeds, it will be rootless in both career and high salary.

However, we should also pay attention to the methods of persuasion.

Huang Mao first studied Yang Rui's work and carefully understood his work content. Then, before Yang Rui started a new round of experiments and shooting, Huang Mao grabbed Yang Rui and said, "I want to put forward an opinion."

"You said At present, Yang Rui is in a state of not listening to things outside the window, and his spirit is also highly concentrated.

Huang Mao understood this state. Therefore, Huang Mao also said from the aspect of research: "I don't think you need to shoot now, because your experiment is not complete. You don't have a control group. I think the camera should at least wait until there is a control group. It's better to shoot when the control group is finished and the experiment is repeated, don't you think? "

Control group and multiple experiments are indispensable parts of modern scientific research. Without them, we can not pass the conventional scientific research evaluation.

Yang Rui said: "I know that before, my first task was to prove the feasibility of amplification. Now I have proved it, and then I will complete the experiments including the control group. This is also my main work in the next stage. In order to save time, I still want to do it while shooting."

Up to now, Yang Rui still can't prove the success of PCR in academic sense.

PCR What is copied is DNA, which can be seen under the microscope, but to prove that what PCR copies is the desired DNA - this is the key - requires a series of physical and chemical tests.

In other words, Yang Rui knows that he has done it, and he has to prove that he has done it before he can be recognized by the academic circles.

If it's religion, it's time to "believe it or not". Science doesn't have this problem. There is a set rule to evaluate the reality and operability of a method.

Most of the instruments and resources Yang Rui has prepared in the past few months are for proof.

Huang Mao just looked at these instruments and resources and felt distressed. He said with a forced smile, "didn't you publish a paper after you finished the experiment, and then ask your colleagues to look up the defects for you? I still think this method is good, efficient, money saving and time saving. "

"I may still like this method in the future, but this experiment is not good. I have to finish all the control experiments and other experiments myself." Yang Rui is not ready to share any credit, even if it will not affect his honor.

Huang Mao looked sad: "all the control experiments? How much is that? "

"About 30." Yang Rui sighed, this workload is really not small.

Huang Mao is already gaping: "are you so optimistic about this project?"

"It's very promising. If you think about it, it will take him dozens of hours to expand one DNA to several billion. It's too useful."

Huang Mao has always said one thing about academic discussions: "is it necessary for us to produce so much DNA? Or the same DNA? "

"Of course, it's necessary. It's a process of qualitative change caused by quantitative change. It's very important." Yang Rui immediately began to talk about the important role of PCR: "PCR can simplify the cloning steps, eliminate the background reaction, strengthen the hybridization signal, synthesize a large amount of DNA, and make the sample processing in the laboratory easier. We can easily make copies of the experimental samples, and the copy results are feasible.""The result of the copy is feasible. It's not sure yet." Huang Mao is not biased because Yang Rui is the boss. Seriously, "DNA in gel is amplified, but it is not impurity. It is not easy to say."

Any paper can write the important role of thousands of words, but when the foundation approves, there are still thousands of projects abandoned.

Huang Mao did not continue to talk about the experiment itself, but advised from a different angle: "the hot spot of biotechnology now is anti-cancer drugs. If you look at the drug Valley in the United States, those who can get funding and venture capital are all making anti-cancer drugs. Although we don't say that we should follow suit to do this, we really don't need to invest too much money in this project. "

The last sentence is the main purpose of Huang Mao's talk.

The resources of Huarui laboratory are limited. Yang Rui's investment in PCR project has affected other projects.

Yang Rui refused without thinking about it. He joked that the goal of Huarui laboratory at the beginning of its establishment was PCR. If necessary, he would devote all his resources to PCR projects.

However, Yang Rui thought about it and explained it carefully.

Making achievements is the first step, proving achievements is the second step.

Yang Rui had to start the persuasive education for the first time in his life: how wonderful my project is!

Li Wenqiang, Zhang Xuetong, Tu Xian and others gathered around. Now they all work for scientific research apes. The biggest difference between them and scientific research dogs is that they are allowed to have free will and free thinking. After all, they belong to primates. If the physical work in the laboratory belongs to scientific research dogs, the mental work belongs to scientific research apes.

If you want people with brains to work hard, you have to make them understand and agree with you.

This is a problem that every laboratory manager has to face and solve - seeking understanding and agreement.

Edison needed to explain why he changed the filament, not the cap; Oppenheimer needs to explain why he chose implosion rather than gun; Apollo moon program also needs to solve the choice of space shuttle or spacecraft.

In addition to explaining to his subordinates, explaining and promoting himself to investors and the boss, it is also the main work of the person in charge of the laboratory.

Yang Rui's previous academic experience can't help much. Instead, when he was working in a cram school, he explained to the students' parents every day, which trained his persuasion ability.

Yang Rui simply regarded several people as the parents of students and began to promote his own projects and programs.

Li Wenqiang and others have not even received door-to-door sales promotion. Where is Yang Rui's opponent? After a while, they unconsciously nodded.

……