Chapter 583

The DNA synthesizer used to produce oligonucleotides was delivered from Tianjin port in a few days.

Yang Rui also confirmed the arrival of these basic equipment before he started the formal PCR project.

Unlike happy Mullis, Yang Rui is not white first, not American second, not a member of a well-known research institution in developed countries third, not a member of a well-known research institution in Europe and the United States fourth, not having the education background of a well-known college in Europe and the United States fifth, not having the background of a large company or institution, and sixth, too young.

Under such circumstances, Yang Rui's success in winning the Nobel Prize depends on his achievements.

PCR Of course, the achievements of the Nobel Prize are very strong, but for the Nobel Prize, there is no strongest, only stronger.

Secondly, Yang Rui has to be careful and step by step.

Scientific research is not a multi-party verification of the results. Multi validation, naturally, other scholars to do these things for you, repeated experiments, so you can publish papers, because repeated experiments have a certain value.

In scientific research, we should be careful step by step to publish papers in stages.

In history, Mullis and his company have published about three papers on PCR. They are big companies in the United States. Publishing one paper at a big stage can prove their work.

For Yang Rui, it's not so easy.

At least he has a cell level paper, which is very rare in China, but internationally, it is the foundation of a stepping stone, and the effect is better than a PhD who has no history.

On this basis, Yang Rui plans to publish his paper with double-digit as the goal.

His reference object is the research group of synthetic bovine insulin in China. Over the past few years, this research group has published more than 20 papers in a number of top journals, proving the ownership of the research results with a very clear research chain, and gradually promoting this topic.

60 Although China's scientific research groups in the s were state-level, they faced many problems to prove themselves. Now, Yang Rui has his identity endorsed by Peking University and his cell level papers. The coefficient of difficulty is about the same as that of the research group of synthetic bovine insulin.

However, to form a clear scientific research chain, it is not necessary to write everything and publish papers in chronological order.

For example, Yang Rui is going to publish it at the end.

The reason is very simple, there is heat-resistant polymerase, which can greatly reduce the experimental time.

PCR It's essentially a DNA doubling technique.

It can quickly double DNA, double it, double it... Theoretically, as many times as you want, you can double it.

It's like the story of the famous flagman and the king.

Put 2 grains of wheat in the first frame, 4 grains in the second frame, 8 grains in the third frame and 16 grains in the fourth frame. How many grains are there in the thirtieth frame?

——There will be one billion 07741824 grains of wheat in the 30th grid.

PCR Also because of this kind of super multiplication technique, and in countless fields.

For example, the DNA residue at the crime scene, before the era of PCR, the reagent residue was too small to be detected, but after the 1990s, the police station with PCR could ignore the residue number. In theory, as long as there is a complete DNA residue, it can be doubled to a detectable state.

The reason why there was only a police station with PCR in the 1990s is because of the heat-resistant polymerase.

PCR The raw material is polymerase. Ordinary polymerase can also be used, but every time it is doubled, the heat-resistant polymerase will be inactivated in a water bath of more than 90 degrees. When it is doubled for the second time, it has to be added again.

Polymerase is not cheap, not to mention, this process also needs professionals to do, complex and error prone.

In the process of research, it is not easy to add polymerase 30 times in a row.

Of course, the development of heat-resistant polymerase is not easy.

Therefore, in history, Mullis and others first devoted themselves to solving the problem of doubling, but did not give priority to the problem of heat-resistant polymerase.

After all, it is necessary to simplify the method only when the doubling problem is solved and the feasibility of this method is proved.

Otherwise, the heat-resistant polymerase alone, without the use of its technology, is also useless.

However, Yang Rui is different from Mullis and others.

He is certain that PCR is a good technology.

Therefore, he is the first to do the research that can improve the efficiency. When he wants to release the paper in stages, even if others are inspired, they can't catch up with him.In fact, Yang Rui still hopes that someone can catch up with him.

If a Chinese simply made a smart, simple and influential achievement, half of the evaluation he got was "lucky".

But if a Chinese, in the competition of scientific research, has made achievements that affect the world in a smart and simple way, his evaluation will be very different.

Of course, there must be risks in doing so. However, Yang Ruisi decided to publish his paper in stages.

The reason is very simple, a simple PCR paper will not necessarily send Yang Rui to the altar of the Nobel Prize.

Without the Nobel Prize, the value of the PCR project will be greatly reduced. Although it may still be worth $3 billion, for Yang Rui, the value of the Nobel Prize is more than $3 billion.

In this way, on the fourth day after the DNA synthesizer was delivered, Yang Rui began to draft his first paper, ideas for improving the DNA synthesizer.

It's still a prelude to a paper, or even a prelude to a prelude, but the so-called scientific research chain is linked up like this.

Huang Mao and others are very happy. They have just signed on the thick legal documents written by many lawyers from Hong Kong. They have almost given all their rights to Huarui company, leaving only one right of signature.

80 In the s, Chinese people have never made money through patents or similar means. Huang Mao and others don't care about it. What they care about is more reputation.

Fame naturally requires a pile of papers.

According to the DNA synthesizer commonly used by later generations, Yang Rui took some random extracts and used them in his newly purchased DNA synthesizer.

Zhang Xuetong, a newly recruited calf, is an engineering student. With Yang Rui's two mechanical and electrical teachers, he simply modified most of the DNA synthesizer. This is the domestic environment. Refitting old instruments and synthesizing broken instruments are the mainstream. There are a lot of researchers who don't know English and few of them have practical ability.

Such local tyrants as Yang Rui can only be seen in domestic academician level laboratories.

28 However, it will soon catch up with the assets of Tang's laboratory, which has been under centralized management for many years, that is, the academician level laboratory can afford it.

However, Yang Rui's ideas in his new paper need not only hands-on ability, but also a lot of materials and parts. Zhang Xuetong can't do anything that can't be found in China.

In this regard, Yang Rui has a very good way to send a paper to the journal and another copy to the DNA synthesizer production company "biological research".

Zhang Xuetong was a little uneasy about this and asked, "will this biological research company steal our technology?"

"Generally speaking, they don't know what evidence we have left. For example, the photo I took just now is our evidence. If they plagiarize, we can not only sue them, but also scold them in the circle..." Yang Rui said with a smile and said: "it's not easy to be a biological company. We are kind-hearted to help them improve their technology, They don't have to plagiarize this level of reform. "

"We are the international living Lei Feng." Zhang Xuetong looks a little ugly, but after his own modification, the more complete DNA synthesizer has a sense of achievement.

Yang Rui nodded slightly, but said: "we are good people, right, living Lei Feng may not."

Zhang Xuetong frowned like a plus sign and said, "what we have done is not good enough. The international standard of living Lei Feng is too strict."

Huang Mao, who had been to the United States, couldn't help laughing. He was already familiar with Yang Rui. He said, "I guess Yang Rui doesn't mean to give away his technology."

Zhang Xuetong was puzzled: "technology is improved on other people's machines. What can we do if we don't give it away? Let's improve and sell it ourselves?"

"We don't have time to sell them." Huang Mao took a look at Yang Rui and saw that he was speechless, so he knew that he was right. He was happy to say: "Lao Mei's technology companies are very used to this kind of technology improvement, especially the first generation of instruments. You see, it's expensive because of the R & D cost. If users participate in the R & D, they will get some rewards."

"Money for you?" Zhang Xuetong instantly simplified Huang Mao's words.

Huang Mao nodded and said, "if the improvement is very important, people will discuss with us about purchasing technology or licensing technology. I think the improvement like ours is for the first volume."

"The book?"

"Accessories Brochure, just like the brochure we got." Huang Mao said, taking the manual in front of the machine, he turned out a black-and-white printed booklet and said, "you see, there are all accessories in it. It's called matching. If you want to buy it, you'll get money, and they'll give it to you. The price is not cheap. It costs hundreds or thousands of dollars. I guess we'll also get the accessories booklet with our improvement."Zhang Xuetong nodded and said, "but we still have some technologies that haven't been realized. Can we just give us an improvement idea?"

"We have a good idea, then we can." Huang Maoding said: "when I was at Columbia University, several professors liked to do this kind of thing. After a little modification, the technology company gave me a lot of money. If I bought a new instrument and used it for half a year, I could save more than half of my money. I don't know if I could make a change. Maybe I could still earn money."

"Isn't the technology company losing money?"

Yang Rui couldn't help laughing: "Columbia University is an Ivy League university. Professors from Columbia University can't be hired by ordinary technology companies. People can look up to his instruments and help him improve them. If he refuses to give money, the reputation of the industry will be rotten. Besides, they don't make money from the first batch of equipment. They can really sell a lot and make money back, It should be an improved instrument of type 2 or even type 3. "

"I see. No wonder you are in a hurry to improve the DNA synthesizer." Zhang Xuetong completely missed the direction.

Yang Rui didn't care either. He said with a smile, "if you can get back some copies, the signature of the second author of this paper will be given to Zhang Xuetong. You also continue to work hard to stabilize the synthesis of oligonucleotides. "

It's hard to make a living without rice. There is no stable supply of oligonucleotides, and PCR can't do it.

This is also the performance of China's lagging behind the world in the 1980s. Now, China is similar to the Middle East countries in the 21st century. The science and technology industry is seriously biased. Oligonucleotides and other things can't be bought. It's not realistic to transport raw materials from the United States, not to mention the large demand. Continuous transportation itself is easy to cause unexpected changes in raw materials.

Now Yang Rui is a little nostalgic for the convenience of graduate school. At that time, as long as he had money, he would make a phone call, and countless biological companies would rush to deliver all kinds of materials. One of them might be the teacher of our school

……