Chapter 709

"Emperor, this is what you want."

In the glass workshop, the supervisor gives Xiao Ming a short glass stick. There is a white mark in the middle of the stick.

This is what Xiao Ming came here for. He is a thermometer.

The earliest thermometer in history was invented by Italian scientist Galileo in 1593.

One end of the thermometer is an open glass tube, and the other end has a glass bubble as big as a walnut. When using the thermometer, first heat the glass bubble, and then insert the glass tube into the water.

At this time, with the change of temperature, the water surface in the glass tube will move up and down, and the change of temperature and the level of temperature can be determined according to the amount of movement.

It can be said that the thermometer at this stage contained water. Then in the 17th century, France reduced the volume of glass bubble and changed the temperature measuring material to mercury. This is the rudiment of later thermometers.

After that, the Dutch warrenheit used alcohol in 1709 and mercury in 1714 to make more accurate thermometers. This is the development process of thermometers.

With the birth of thermometers, the standards of centigrade and Fahrenheit were also born.

Although the thermometer is only a small invention, but this small invention is very important, because the thermometer can test the specific temperature value.

In fact, this kind of glass mercury thermometer is not so precise and complicated. The steps are usually to make hollow glass tubes first, which is not too difficult for today's glass workshops.

As for the water and silver bubbles and the small bubbles that act as a partition in this thermometer, they are nothing more than glass blowing skills.

After the glass rod is made, it is filled with mercury, and then the glass tube is heated and sealed under low pressure, and the sealing part is heated.

At this time, the mercury part is at the other end, and the thermal conductivity of the glass is not good, so it basically does not affect the mercury. After these actions, it will be calibrated. Because Xiao Ming has a ready-made standard reference, this work is also very simple, just according to the modern centigrade standard.

And he also plans to take centigrade as the future temperature standard of Dayu.

Now the thermometer in his hand is used to measure the temperature of the human body. His purpose is to use the thermometer to establish the temperature standard of Dayu country, so that he can produce industrial thermometer and still promote the temperature standard.

In his view, whether it is the steel industry or the smelting industry, the temperature control of the production process is very strict, accurate temperature control can improve the quality of industrial production.

Therefore, after the human body thermometer, what he wants to produce is the industrial bimetallic thermometer. This kind of bimetallic thermometer is based on the principle that two different metals have different degrees of expansion when the temperature changes. It can be used to detect the temperature in industrial production.

This kind of thermometer usually makes the sheet metal into a spiral coil shape. When the temperature of the multi-layer sheet metal changes, the amount of expansion or contraction of each layer of metal is different, which will make the spiral coil up or loose.

Because one end of the spiral coil is fixed and the other end is connected with a pointer which can rotate freely, when the bimetallic sheet feels the temperature change, the pointer can indicate the temperature on a circular dividing scale.

For him, this kind of thermometer can be produced at the current stage in Qingzhou. As for the advanced resistance thermometer, it is still far away, but it is enough for him to use it. He only needs to give the structure diagram of the metal thermometer to the watchmaker, which is not a problem for the watchmaker who can make the pendulum clock.

"By the way, besides that, there are microscopes?" Xiao Ming asked.

This time, he not only assigned the glass workshop the task of producing thermometers, but also explained the work of making microscopes.

Compared with telescopes, this microscope is the other extreme. He is going to make it and send it to medical school.

"Wait a moment, Emperor. This microscope is made by another group of craftsmen. It will be here soon." Fang Jian said that as soon as his voice fell, a craftsman came to him with a microscope.

Like the monocular telescope, the microscope in the hands of the craftsman is full of the flavor of the 18th century, with glass lenses and metal body.

Xiao Ming was satisfied to get these two things. He said to Qian Dafu, "go, go to medical school, and let Huang Tingzhi know how powerful I am."

Xiao Ming is happy, and Qian Dafu is also happy. Although he doesn't know the use of the two, from Xiao Ming's expression, he must be a powerful thing.

Out of the glass workshop, they went directly to medical school.

After splitting the Bowen college, Xiao Ming found another place for the medical college, which is not far from the Bowen college, that is, the distance between the two folk squares.

The high death rate of the wounded soldiers in the Northern War forced Xiao Ming to pay attention to the development of medical schools. If medical technology could keep up, the number of soldiers would not be reduced so much.

In the future, there will be more wars in the state of Dayu. At this time, it is very important to cultivate a group of refined medical officers.

When he arrived at the medical school, Xiao Ming went directly to the medical school set up in the medical school. On weekdays, Huang Tingzhi would teach students and at the same time, he would see the people here."The emperor." Huang Tingzhi was surprised by Xiao Ming's arrival. He immediately got up to salute.

Xiao Ming asked Huang Tingzhi to forgive him. He took out the thermometer and microscope and said to Huang Tingzhi, "Mr. Huang, I'm here today to give you two sharp weapons."

Huang Tingzhi was a little dazed. He looked at the glass stick in Xiao Ming's hand and the microscope. He was puzzled and said, "emperor, what are these? "

" thermometer and microscope. "Xiao Ming said that he was not surprised that Huang Tingzhi didn't know these things, because Huang Tingzhi is still studying the medical classics he gave him, and has not yet come into contact with Western things.

"This..." Huang Tingzhi is still confused.

Xiao Ming said, "how does Huang laopingri judge whether a person is suffering from cold weather? "

" naturally, it's about seeing, hearing and asking. "

Xiao Ming said, "if you have this thing, I don't need to look at it to know if this person is ill? "

" the emperor is joking. You don't need to look, hear and ask. How can the emperor know? " Hearing this, Huang Tingzhi burst out laughing.

Xiao Mingxin knew that Huang Tingzhi was very confident, so he always worried that he would despise western medicine, so this time he came to let Huang Tingzhi feel his unique medical skills.

Smell speech, he said: "old Huang just need to take this thing to the doctor in the patient temperature will know."

Then Xiao Ming talked about the principle of thermometer and the knowledge of human body temperature.

Holding the thermometer, Huang Tingzhi's expression was very shocked. He gave every patient in the hospital a temperature test.

When he saw the temperature record of each patient, the whole person was stunned.

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