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"It's a long story that a child has no mother." If we want to understand the Tuyuhun, we have to start from the beginning.

As an ancient and remote minority in China, the two Han Dynasties were active in the Daxinganling region of northeast China. After the fall of the Hun's regime, they gradually moved westward and southward, and established eight regimes in the northern part of China, namely, Beiwei, Qianyan, Xiyan, Houyan, Nanyan, XiQin, Nanliang, and Tuyuhun. In the Huns, the low and fresh, the karma, the karma, the Qiang "Wu Hu" of the establishment of the government is the most. Furthermore, the two regimes of Nanliang and Tuyuhun were directly and closely related to the Tufan people and other races in the Tibetan Plateau. The former was considered by some scholars to be the ancestor and source of the Tufan people, while the latter participated in the fusion and formation of the Tufan people.

Around the end of the 5th century and the beginning of the 6th century, the power of the Tuyuhun began to develop in the northwest direction and occupied the end of Shanshan. These two places are of great significance to the southern road of the Silk Road. At this time, Tuyuhun went from the east to the west and then to the west and to the west and to the west and to the west and to the east and to the west and to the west and to the west and to the east and to the east and to the west and to the west and to the east and to the west and to the east and to the west and to the east and to the east and to the west. This statement is recorded in the Book of Liangshu, Zhenan, and Henan Dynasties, Northwest of the Kingdom of Liangshu. In the 16 years since the Sui Wen Emperor founded the Emperor (596), Yang Jian married his imperial daughter, Princess Guang Hua, to the master of the Tuyuhun. Two years later, she was killed in internal strife. In the early years of the Zuangdi Emperor's career, Pei Li was appointed to actively manage the Western Regions in an attempt to open up trade routes with the West. Emperor Huang lured the Tie Le Clan to attack the Tuyuhun, forcing their tribe's 100 thousand people and more than 300,000 heads of six animals to descend, and to conquer the Tuyuhun for the purpose of "patrolling the west". In the year 608, Zuangdi Emperor traveled through Xining of the Qinghai Sea to Hexi. On the first day of June, they travelled to Zhang Ya with hundreds of officials and imperial concubines. They travelled to Ganzhou and met with rain and snow. "Half of the soldiers died from cold, and the horses and donkeys died. The imperial harem's imperial concubines and imperial concubines lost contact with the soldiers in the mountains." Disgraceful. After this ordeal, Zuangdi Emperor and his party entered the west of the river, and reached the Zhang Ya City on the eleventh day. On the seventeenth, they ascended the Yanqiao Mountain (in the south of Shandan County). The kings and emissaries of the 27 countries of the Western Regions, including Gao Chang, Yi Wu (Hami), and the others, dressed in their best attire. "Riding a horse to fill the throat, covering dozens of miles, is a sign of China's prosperity." On the 18th, the Zuangdi Emperor began to set up four counties in the land of the Tuyuhun: the Western Sea (Yue Fu Cheng), the River Source (Zhi Shui Cheng), Shan Shan (Qiang now) and the last (Nan now). On the 21st, Gao Chang, Yi Wu, and the other countries of the Western Regions were invited to join in the feast at the Temple of the Wind. On the 8th of July, he placed his horse at Qinghai Lake's doorstep, hoping that the dragon would become a foal. On September 25, they drove back to Chang'an.

The Qinghai Lake was located on top of the Tibetan Plateau, 150 kilometers away from Xining, with an area of 4,500 square kilometers and an elevation of 3,200 meters. The water was cold and the salt in the water was very high. The Qinghai Lake's Mongolian language was called "Kunor", while the Tibetan language was "Wrong Warm Fabric", which meant "Green Lake". In the northeast of the Qinghai Plateau, Mount Sun, Mount Dian, and continuously undulating Nanshan, there was a plateau lake — — Qinghai Lake.

Qinghai Lake is the largest inland lake in our country, it is also the largest saltwater lake in our country, its area is over 4,400 square kilometers, its elevation is over 3,260 meters above the ancient city of Xining and it is over 1000 meters higher than the ancient city of Xining, the climate here is cool and refreshing. Even in the middle of a hot summer, the average daily temperature is about 15 ℃, is the ideal summer resort. The Qinghai Lake's Mongolian language was called "Kukunor", which meant "cyan and blue sea". It was something that had survived after the Tibetan Plateau rose continuously. Important Data and Landscape

Area: 4500 square kilometres

Altitude: 3200 meters

Location: 150 km from Xining

Landscape: China's largest inland lake, as vast and mysterious as the sea. To Qinghai Province, Qinghai Lake was like to Beijing.

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Best time to travel

The Qinghai Lake was allowed to travel all year round, but due to the climate, most of the tourists would go in the summer. Because of the higher temperature in the summer, and the frequent rain during the night, it was also moist. Every year, during the month of 89, a large area of oil cauliflower would bloom on the north coast of Qinghai Lake, becoming a major attraction of the Qinghai Lake. But if the main purpose of the trip is to visit Bird Island, May is the best month.

There were also five islands in the Qinghai Lake, of which Bird Island was the most famous, and Sea Heart Mountain, Sea West Mountain, Three Stones, Sand Island, etc. Every spring, there were more than a hundred thousand goose, swan, brown gull, cormorant and other islands that came here, making this place a world of birds, a paradise of birds. Not only that, but from all directions came the Gan, Sha and Liu rivers, the Black Horse, the Buha, the Quan and Ji rivers, the Lai and the reverse rivers, all converging in the lake. Because the lake contains more inorganic salts such as magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride, so the lake is not drinkable. However, the lake is abuzz with unscaled yellow carp. This kind of fish is round, smooth, fleshy, thin thorns, fat and tender taste beautiful, in the lake picnic, using the lake water to cook, delicious flavor, sweet beyond compare. This was the Qinghai Lake that the Tuyuhun relied on to survive. After it settled in the Qinghai region, due to geographical factors and the influence of the Qiang's agricultural tribes, its agriculture also developed accordingly. However, its northern climate is very cold, only turnips (i.e., turnips) barley, so it is vulgar and rich. " The economy varied from place to place, and agriculture was mainly distributed in the areas of Chishui, River watering, Hong He and Sihan in the southeast of Qinghai Lake, and was also cultivated in. At the end of the period, it was mainly for animal husbandry, metallurgy, and commerce. In Gannan, Northwest Chuan and Southeastern Qinghai Prefectures, the people of Qiang were the main nomadic tribes. Tuyuhun's mining, smelting and weapons manufacturing techniques were all very famous. It has many places such as copper, iron, gold, silver and cinnabar, and weapons such as bows, sabers, armors and spears. The Yellow River Bridge that the Tuyuhun people built at the mouth of the Wuhua River in Qinghai reflected their excellent bridge construction technology. The most praiseworthy were the location of the main roads of the west and China in the Tuyuhun and the prosperity of the business world because of that.

From a large number of Neolithic relic unearthed in Huangshui Basin, Qinghai Province, south of Qilian Mountains, along Huangshui River to Qinghai Lake, then through Chaidamu Basin to Xinjiang, is a major Sino-Western major road. As such, the people of the Tuyuhun had dealings with the Mongolian Prairies in the north, the Western Regions in the west, Central Asia, the South and the Tibetan Plateau, India, the East and the Yellow River, and the Yangtze River Basin in the west. The Tuyuhun had commercial ties with the regimes of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, as well as with the people of Rou Ran and Tu Jue. They also acted as intermediaries, trading goods naturally consisted mainly of silk.

In 553 A.D., West Wei (later replaced by Northern Zhou, capital Chang'an). When the thorny history of Liangzhou learned that the Tuyuhun's envoy was from the Northern Qi (evolved from the Eastern Wei, the capital city of Anyang), she sent troops to attack from the west. In addition to the specially made good horses and yaks, there were also the black cap, the wine bottle, the King of Ku and the jade stone as well as other items offered to the regime in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The silk of a woman's country may just be passed on through the Tuyuhun. In 1955, 76 pieces of silver were unearthed in Xining, Qinghai, which was the best material evidence of the prosperity of the Silk Road. Central Plains and Western Regions, India's high monks such as HuiLan, Song Yun, the Shah (shé), the Xuantoo Mage in the early Tang Dynasty, and so on. People used to call it Henan Road or Qinghai Road. It was connected directly to the East and West Silk Main Road and the Tofu Silk Road.

The customs of Tuyuhun were mainly recorded in Chinese, which was different from the customs of the subjects' Qiang people. According to history, the clothes of his vulgar husband were slightly similar to that of Huaxia, mostly crowned by the power of separation, but also crowned by the hood. The women all wore their hair in beads, and their hair was tied up. The more the more the more the more the more the more the price. Guoxian, tax will be expropriated wealthy merchants tax for its use. The punishment is simple. Those who kill or steal horses die, and the rest are punished with property. When killing a man, he would cover his head with a blanket, and kill him from a high vantage point with a stone. With regard to marriage, there was a Turkic relationship with the north (and, of course, with the Huns and the soft ones). Similarly, after the death of the father and the brother, the wife's stepmother and sister-in-law, etc. The poor have no money to prepare for their wives, and often steal their daughters. After the death of a person, they would be buried in the earth, maintaining the customs of their clan. The King and Queen's clothes are slightly different, but the Han Dynasty uses soap as its cap, a bun, a pearl, and a golden lion bed. Wife number is kadeh, clothes woven into a skirt, dress, braid hair at the back, hair with gold flowers. But its main residents are Qiang culture customs.

This is the Tuyuhun that we want to introduce. After going around in such a large circle, I believe that everyone will be able to catch hold of this Tuyuhun's weak point and have a certain amount of understanding and recognition towards this ancient and complex mixed race regime. However, some people could not help but ask. According to the previous article, this Tuyuhun had been invaded by the Tang Gaozong for three years (663 AD). Even if the Tuyuhun was annihilated in 663, how could it be used by Yichang in May, 909, to make Liu Shouwen pay heavily to attack his younger brother, Liu Shouguang, who was also the Youzhou's Lu Long. This was not something that could be justified in terms of time or place? How do the author and storyteller explain this?

Good! Here, as a storyteller, I will tell you the whole story! We can hear this passage from the preceding paragraph: "Gaozong Long Shuo took three years (663), when the eastern invaders finally exterminated the Tuyuhun and took its territory. Most of the Tuyuhun's people came to Ningxia, northern Shaanxi, northern Shanxi and southern Inner Mongolia, and started to integrate with the Han and Northern Tribes. " As long as he was able to balance these two lines of words, it would not be hard to dispel any of his doubts. The former sentence cannot be repeated and the latter sentence should be taken into account. That's right! The Tuyuhun Kingdom had been wiped out, but the descendants of its tribes living in exile had still survived. Not to mention May of the year 909, even the descendants of the 21st century were still alive! Of course, in the year 909, it was normal for the people of the Tuyuhun to help Yichang command to use such a large amount of money to attack his younger brother Liu Shouguang. There was no need to doubt the existence of his descendants, and it was also reasonable in terms of time and territory. There was no doubt about that. I wonder if you have any objections to this?

Good! The introduction of the Tuyuhun is now temporarily paused, let us return to the main topic at hand:

who was in this state had returned to the side of the Sonic Sand Mountain from a distant Tuyuhun, yet he could still hear the beautiful "yang Guan's Melody" bathing lightly beside the ancient mountains and beside the ears of tourists.

"General Murong!" Song Kejin's long cry finally interrupted Murong Tianshui's lingering thoughts, "Such a beautiful woman, why don't we go and have a look?!"

As they spoke, Song Kejin and the other three assistant generals had already pushed Murong Tianshui towards the mountainside …

Not long after, the five generals stood behind the woman who was still playing the zither. But the woman did not seem to notice them until she let the strings play out the last quiver.

"Good!" "Pow, pow, pow, pow!" Song Kejin and the others suddenly clapped and cheered as they walked towards the lady. Only Murong Tianshui remained standing in his original spot indifferently! It was as if he was still immersed in the beautiful melody of the《 yang Guan Song》

"Princess is truly beautiful, beautiful, beautiful! This official is truly in awe! "

"General Song speaks!" The lady had long since stood up and expressed her gratitude with a bow, "The most beautiful one should be the general!"

"Princess!" "Let me introduce you to our newly appointed Great General of the West." As Song Kejin spoke, he brought the princess in front of Murong Tianshui and said with a face brimming with happiness, "This is our General Murong!"

"Greetings General Murong!"

"Oh!" Princess, please rise! "

"General Murong! This is Princess Ye Lisi! She is a first-rate talent with both the martial arts and literature in Dunhuang City! "

"General Song speaks! A poor girl is not talented! I apologize to the generals. "

"Ai!" What are Princess Ye Lisi's words? " Murong Tianshui could not help but say: "Your talent in speech and expression is truly the best in the world, how could we laugh at you?"

Once Murong Tianshui said this, Ye Lisi immediately looked at his handsome and mighty face, and said with a tinge of sadness: "But you can only be friends with a smile, and it will be difficult to find someone you know!"

When Murong Tianshui heard this, it was as if he had heard the implied meaning. He immediately said, "A princess' zither song, if anyone hears it, they will be your close friends! How can you not find out? "

"General Murong's words have really refreshed me. It has really moved my heart. It's the first time in years that I've heard such a thing. "

"Princess, please speak! I think the five of us should be your best friends, so why worry about us? "

Once Murong Tianshui said that, everyone could not help but look at each other and laugh. Song Kejin continued: "Since we are all your close friends, then let's ask the princess to play and sing another song for us."

While they were speaking, Song Kejin had already led the group to the side of the zither which was laid out on the stone platform.

"Princess, please!" Thus, under Song Kejin's repeated requests, Ye Lisi sat in front of the guqin once again. At this time, Murong Tianshui, who was behind him, could clearly see that on the left side of the zither, there was a book. In that instant, his heart couldn't help but thump, because this book was the world high quality book that he had been yearning to obtain and unable to study wholeheartedly.

What book is this? To be honest, this book was the < Dunhuang's Melody >. At this point, I have to tell you all a short story. I hope we don't forget our national shame. "Since the bandits have always tried to invade, they will eventually lose their lives!" Child! You have a home! Child! "Get rid of it!" Not to forget the people who made great contributions to the Chinese music industry.

This《 Dunhuang's Melody》 was originally hidden in the cave of the Dunhuang and was discovered in the beginning of the nineteenth century. In July 1908, French Sinologist Boyd came to the Mogao's cave and stole many cultural relics, one of which was the famous "Song of the Dunhuang". On the Dunhuang, there were many twisted and twisted symbols. Due to the development and change of musical instrument, music theory, spectrum and score method in the past 1000 years, the data are lost, and these musical score symbols have been lost for a long time. The music of the Tang Dynasty became a riddle for a time. It was not until 1964 that Ye Dong, an associate professor at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, began to study the Dunhuang music, and it took him more than ten years until 1981 when he finally managed to translate the music that no one in the Tang Dynasty could understand, the "Lute Large Melody of the Tang People of the Dunhuang" (25 pieces), into the modern music. Ye Dong had allowed the music of the Tang Dynasty to play anew. She made a great contribution to the music industry in China and wrote a glorious piece of music history in China. She hoped that Professor Ye Dong's great name would be like the music of the Dunhuang of the Tang Dynasty. Forever!

Over this leaf, let's get back to business. When he said that, when Murong Tianshui saw the《 Dunhuang's Melody》 in front of him, he could not help but ask Ye Lisi: "Princess! This book is rarely seen in the world, so how did you get hold of it? "

Hearing that, Ye Lisi couldn't help but look back and smile, and say: "This is a copy! "Furthermore, I have paid for a piece of music in each of these scores to amuse myself. It's really not a good performance!" "

"Oh!" So it's a handwritten copy! " Murong Tianshui could not help but think in his heart: "As expected, the truth is hard to come by! But to be able to see this handwritten copy is already a blessing of three lifetimes, presumably its connotation is more or less the same. "

Thinking of this, Murong Tianshui immediately requested: "Princess! Can I look through this book? "

"Of course you can! I'll give it to you! " With that, Ye Lisi handed the《 Dunhuang's Melody》 to Murong Tianshui. As a result, Murong Tianshui flipped open the《 Dunhuang's Melody》, and rows and rows of music symbols and words entered his eyes. Right at this moment, along with a pleasant sound of the zither, Ye Lisi's charming singing voice resonated once again beside the Sonic Sand Mountain. Following the sound of the lyrics that were so melodious and clear that they reached his ears, the < Bodhisattva Barbarian > from the < Dunhuang Melody > also entered Murong Tianshui's eyes:

"Dunhuang — — Ancient Dynasty — — Divine Generals — — Sensory Perception — — Fan from afar. The Dragon Court, the Qilin Platform, was famous for a long time.

He could only resent the fact that they were from the Fang Clan, and his sincerity was hard to explain. "Sooner or later — — Annihilation — — Lang Fan — — Together — Bye — — Sheng Yan — —."

The sound of the zither and the singing gradually stopped, and from within the remaining music, the sounds of clapping and cheering once again erupted.

"Princess is so romantic!" Song Kejin blurted out: "You opened your mouth and you became a Divine General of the Dunhuang. Are you singing us? "

Hearing this, Ye Lisi laughed and replied, "Of course not! But it can also be! "

"What do you mean?" Song Kejin asked doubtfully.

"This poem describes the history of the Dunhuang, and describes how 'Divine Generals' used to exist in this place. But the meaning of this' Bodhisattva Barbarian 'could also motivate present and future people. "

Furthermore, when Murong Tianshui heard this, he could not help but ask in depth, "Since these lyrics are about the history of the Dunhuang, could the princess introduce them in detail for me?"

"Alright!" Ye Lisi then began to explain to the five officers as if it was her own family: "Actually, there are eighteen < Bodhisattva Barbarians > in Dunhuang's songs. This is one of the earlier ones, and it should have been written during the first year of Tang De Zong's establishment (780 AD). She said that she had been known to the 'Godly Generals' many times in the past, causing Fan Zheng to express her respect from afar and not dare to invade. The 'Godly Generals' had served the Great Tang Dynasty with all their loyalty and wisdom, and had been praised and given their names on the Hero Leaderboard. Some of the past 'Godly Generals' that were mentioned here were the Shazhou s, Jia Si Shun. She had broken through the army of Fu Dao in the Tang Xuan Sect for seventeen years (729 AD), and the others were already hard to find. It was written by Chen, 'I only hate those who are separated from me, and I have no way to complain. They only resented the fact that they had been cut off from the imperial court, which prevented them from confiding their feelings to the imperial court, revealing their deep affection for the central Tang dynasty. The last two sentences expressed the strong wishes of the author and the people of Dunhuang: 'Sooner or later, I will destroy Lang Fan and pay my respects to the Divine Face together.' 'Sooner or later 'means when, as the saying goes at the time. Lang Fan was a contemptuous title for the hostile Fu Fan at that time. The fact that the Emperor was known as' worshipping the Holy Maiden 'showed how much respect they had for the Son of Heaven of Tang Dynasty.

This Tu Fan was a barbaric mixed race, a slave power that was established on the Tibetan Plateau in the late Sui and early Tang Dynasties. When Song Zanganbu accepted the title, he would definitely become strong and powerful. In the fourteenth year of the Chastity Monastery (640), Song Zanganbu proposed to the Tang Dynasty. The tang taizong first didn't agree to it, and then married Princess Wen Cheng.

In the early days of the Gaozong, the slave lords and nobles started a war, occupying the entire Tuyuhun region (west of the current Qinghai Province), forcing their way towards the inner regions of the Tang Dynasty. Long term in time of war and state. After the Anarchic Chaos of the Fourteen Years of the Heavenly Treasure (755), many of the Tang Dynasty's border soldiers tried to smooth over the rebellion by taking advantage of the absence of any enemy. Dai Zong Kwong De Year (763), according to Chang'an. After the withdrawal of troops, the following year (764) took over the west of the Tang Dynasty, Jiuju Prefecture (Gansu Wu Wei).