Chapter 495

With the opening of Lennar, there is a buzzing sound in the electron generation array. Where Lennar's naked eye can't catch, there is an indescribable interaction between atoms. The invisible force rips the atoms, but it can't shake the rock like atomic structure. Only the electrons outside the atoms are bumped by the ebb and flow, and finally break away from the atomic structure Bound to become free electrons.

As soon as the electron escaped from the bondage, it felt an inexplicable gravity and moved it in one direction. The speed of the electron was unconsciously controlled. It rushed out of the array, but immediately faced a double slit.

This double slit is just right for the electron. It hesitates about which slit to pass through, but its own speed does not allow it to think more about it. It passes through the double slit at a relatively high speed and finally falls on the receiving screen, becoming a small light spot.

There are a lot of such electrons, they fly out one by one, through double seams, and come to the receiving screen.

According to the existing magic theory, these electrons will appear disorderly landing points on the receiving screen, because each electron is randomly passing through one of the gaps between the double slits, and a single particle can not produce interference phenomenon. Even if the electron has wave particle duality, when it passes through the gap, it should produce diffraction fringes instead of interference fringes The interference fringes of complex particles.

However, along with Lena's experiment, interference fringes appeared on the receiving screen!

He repeated the experiment several times, making sure that only one electron passed through the double slit each time, but still got clear interference fringes.

This cannot be explained by the current theory.

First of all, the current magic theory is a causal theory, that is, there must be a cause for the phenomenon, and the result will appear after the cause. In short, if the electron has interference fringes, it means that it has interference at the moment when it passes through the double slit, but a single particle obviously will not have such a situation, which is contrary to the status quo.

It's as if each electron has been realized, knowing that they will pass through the double slit in turn, knowing the point of the previous particle's fall, so as to form interference fringes, which is obviously inconceivable.

"Or..."

Lena made a hypothesis.

That is, before the electron contacts the double slit, it is still the characteristic of a particle. When it meets the double slit, it becomes a kind of wave. According to the interference rules of wave, the electron that becomes a wave passes through the double slit and interferes with itself. But at the moment of contacting the receiving screen, it becomes a converging particle again and becomes a point.

This assumption is far beyond common sense, but it implies a more amazing explanation.

Lainer thought that if the receiving screen is not set, will the electrons with wave properties always exist in the form of waves when they pass through the double slit? Will the existence of the receiving screen change the properties of the electrons?

If the electron really becomes an independent wave when it passes through the double slit, resulting in self-interference phenomenon, and returns to the particle state when it meets the receiving screen, it means that the existence of the receiving screen changes the electronic properties.

It means that the observation will have an impact on the target particles.

Beside him, the feather pen is constantly writing his experimental conclusions and conjectures. Although human beings can not directly observe the changes of the micro world, they can rely on imagination to explore. Now, Lena is using human wisdom to try the laws of the unknown world.

After finishing the experiment, Lena did not finish his work this time. He recorded some conjectures.

This is a hypothetical experiment, because in the electronic double slit interference experiment, it is difficult to observe the process of the electron coming out of the generating normal array until it interferes through the double slit and comes to the receiving screen by the current means.

So, Lena thought of using the third kind of rays, that is, extremely short wavelength electromagnetic waves to measure electrons. Theoretically, this can be done.

Now that the measurements have been made, it is necessary to determine the speed and trajectory of the electron, but soon a problem was discovered by Lennar.

Obviously, for the third kind of rays, the shorter the wavelength, the higher the measurement accuracy, and the more accurate the position of the electron can be measured.

But at the same time, according to Stein formula and wave theory, the shorter the wavelength of electromagnetic wave is, the higher its frequency is, and the higher its energy is. The behavior of detecting electron trajectory through the third kind of rays will lead to a certain collision between electromagnetic wave and electron, which will increase the momentum of electron.

This phenomenon also occurs when optical phenomena, such as microscopy, are used to measure a particle.

The principle of optical measurement of particles is that when light irradiates particles, part of the light will be scattered by the particles, so as to determine the position of the particles. Mages can not determine the position of the particles to a smaller extent than the distance between the two peaks of the light. Therefore, the shorter the wavelength of the light, the shorter the scattering interval, and the more accurate the determination of the particle position.

But similarly, due to the energy discontinuity theory of Stein's formula, the minimum unit of light is the quantum of light, which cannot be smaller than the quantum of light, so the measurement of particle position has its limit.At the same time, on this scale, the particle nature of the light quantum will be very significant, which will have a great impact on the particles, thus changing the momentum of the particles.

In short, in order to accurately measure the momentum of particles, we must use longer wavelength wave, but the longer wavelength wave can not accurately measure the position of particles. On the contrary, the shorter wavelength wave can relatively accurately measure the position of particles, but it will have an impact on the momentum of particles.

That means that mages can't accurately measure the momentum and position of a particle at the same time.

This is the Ian gray uncertainty principle proposed by Reiner.

Lennar did not stop these experiments at the hypothetical stage, but carried out a series of calculations. Finally, he found that the uncertainty of particle position must be greater than or equal to Stein constant divided by 4 π, which is determined by the theory of energy discontinuity.

Based on the principle of Ian Gray's uncertainty and the experimental results of electronic double slit interference experiment, Lennar proposed a new concept.

That is, microscopic particles, including electrons, are not a specific particle, but an electron cloud with probability distribution. Through observation, the probability cloud will collapse, thus reflecting the characteristics of particles.

This is Lena's explanation of these experimental phenomena.

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