Chapter 328： [During the development of the third-generation Azure mobile phone]

Luo Sheng had a full-body spa by the way after breakfast and started working around 10am, but the location was in the science and technology complex building.

Today is a weekend. For the rest day, Luo Sheng will not deal with the company's affairs at this point in time, but will do his own private research and tinker with his own dark technology.

Except for something that is particularly urgent for the company.

主人 "Master (o? ▽?) O, Shuguang Technology's latest batch of hardware equipment will be delivered tomorrow."

Xiao Luosheng just sat down in his private office, and Xiaona's voice came into her ears.

Luo Sheng nodded and said casually: "Put it in the warehouse first."

Xiao Xiaona: "The owner wants to upgrade Xiao Na again?"

Luo Luosheng was sitting at his desk, leaning back against the chair and holding his head in his hands, thinking with his eyes closed, "Yes."

Xiao Xiaona: "(?????) The host is awesome, super looking forward, oh ~~"

当然 The upgrade of supercomputers depends of course on the advancement of semiconductor technology, but the more critical thing is the system architecture and algorithms. Algorithms are always the soul and core of computers or artificial intelligence.

Do the same instruction. The A algorithm needs 100 steps to implement, but the B algorithm only needs 10 steps to implement.

Luo Sheng is going to forcibly upgrade his personal supercomputing this time. The hardware part must not be done in a short period of time. This depends too much on the technological development of the semiconductor industry. Now the semiconductor industry represented by Intel can only achieve nanometer manufacturing. Craftsmanship.

Throughout the entire semiconductor chip industry, the toothpaste factory is the industry's first chip manufacturer to launch a 32-nanometer process processor, and the mainstream technology is still 45 nanometers. As for the 7-nanometer and 5-nanometer process processors in this era, it is simply science fiction.

The current chip technology in China is hard to say, let alone say.

Obviously, hardware upgrades are not something to think about for a while. You can only improve the performance of private supercomputing based on the existing hardware based on the two paths of system architecture and algorithms.

这 This is very difficult and extremely difficult for outsiders, but it is very simple for Luo Sheng to develop a new algorithm. Even one person can handle it. Now Xiao Na can also assist him to further improve the development efficiency.

完成 After the completion of the upgrade this time, the performance of the private supercomputing in the technology complex will increase by about ten times, from trillions of calculations to the order of trillions.

Can be called black technology.

At present, Luo Sheng's personal supercomputing "Nav", which is named after Xiao Na's official name, has a performance of 230 trillion operations per second.

In other words, Luo Sheng will achieve a computing speed of at least 2000 trillion times per second after upgrading for this time. It is estimated that it will take about one and a half months to complete the upgrade plan. Some hardware replacements are required. The total budget for the major upgrade will be around RMB 120 million.

At that time, it will surpass the current U.S. Department of Energy's "Puma" located in Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

In the 2009 Top 500 Supercomputing List, "Puma" currently tops the list with 1800 trillion calculations per second, and is a civilian computer mainly used to simulate climate change, energy generation and other Basic science research, etc.

Luo Sheng's personal supercomputing can certainly perform these tasks without pressure, but the fundamental purpose is to upgrade and optimize Cortana, which is the first priority. Corona's upgrade optimization brings the overall benefit.

Has an unparalleled meaning.

The upgrade and optimization for Xiaona is only part of Luo Sheng's personal work. It takes more than a month to complete this round of update and upgrade, and it is impossible for him to spend all his time on it, otherwise he can get it in half a month. .

Luo Luosheng has not officially stepped down as the CEO of the two companies. He has to participate in some major meetings, but most of the time has been spent on technology research and development.

Since 2009, Luo Sheng's focus has been on development.

开始 Beginning in May, he was separated from Bluestar's cloud computing development team. He has left the BlueStack open source cloud platform and basically gave it to the following technical team and Lu Qi to operate this business segment.

Luo Luosheng focused on the research and development of the third-generation Azure mobile phone of the French Riviera. This year, the latest generation of smartphones will be released on the French Riviera.

Uh ...

Lance Semiconductors, Mobile Processor Division.

"The 45-nanometer process introduces a high-K insulation / metal gate configuration. This is a milestone and Intel developed this technology. Both technologies are actually designed to solve the same problem: that is, in a small size How to ensure effective gate operation. "

The speaker is Xu Zhijun. Currently he is also the CEO of Lansi Semiconductor, but he does n’t have much right to speak in the mobile processor division. Here is the final decision of Luo Sheng, which is also a privileged cause of Lansi Semiconductor. Ministry, and there is an independent research and development building, which was agreed upon when the two parties jointly established this company.

But it is critical that both sides have opened up barriers to talent and patents.

晟 Luo Sheng was also present at the conference. Several scientists, research scholars, and some mathematicians were included in the conference room for discussion.

The focus of the discussion now is the processor of the third-generation Azure mobile phone. The chip processor of the new product uses a 45-nanometer process. This has been determined, and many technologies have been completed.

A senior research expert looked around and said, "Our R & D department thought of using metal as the gate, because metal has an effect called image charge, which can neutralize the dipole-to-channel in the insulating layer of high-K materials. And Fermi level. This will have the best of both worlds, but what are these metals? Except for the western high-tech companies that master the technology, no one outside knows that this is their trade secret. . "

The insulation layer is the most critical one of all the components of a transistor. Its function is to isolate the gate and the channel. Because the gate switching channel is performed by an electric field, the electric field is generated by applying a certain voltage to the gate.

Ohm's law tells humans that when there is a voltage, there is a current.

If the current flows from the gate to the channel, what switch is there to talk about?

I missed it long ago.

Another participating researcher said: "Although silicon dioxide is good, problems also occur when the size is reduced to a certain limit. In this process, the electric field strength is constant, so from the perspective of energy band, because The volatility of electrons, if the insulating layer is very narrow and narrow, there is a certain probability that electrons will tunnel through the effect and cross the band barrier of the insulating layer, causing leakage current. "

Said, the scholar sketched: "It can be imagined that through a wall higher than himself, the magnitude of this current has a negative correlation with the thickness of the insulation layer and the 'barrier height' of the insulation layer. The smaller the potential barrier, the lower the leakage current and the more detrimental to the transistor. On the other hand, the switching performance and operating current of the transistor all require a large insulating layer capacitance. "

"It can be seen that there have been a bunch of contradictions in the design goals. Should the thickness of the insulation layer continue to shrink, in fact, before this node, the silicon dioxide has shrunk to a thickness of less than two nanometers, which is ten With the thickness of several atomic layers, the problem of leakage current has replaced the performance problem and become the number one enemy. "

Speaking of this, the scholars in the conference room were quiet.

All the smartest humans are sitting here. Of course, if you have any questions, you will start to think of ways.

Humans are very greedy. They are neither willing to give up the performance enhancement of large capacitors, nor willing to take the risk of leakage.

The current situation is that a material is needed, the dielectric constant is very high, and the energy barrier is also high. In this way, the capacitance can be continuously improved without reducing the thickness.

In other words, materials that protect leakage current and improve switching performance.

In the academic world, in recent years, various new designs with wide brain holes have been proposed, such as tunneling transistors, negative capacitance effect transistors, carbon nanotubes, and so on.

其实 But in fact, all these designs are basically in four directions: materials, mechanisms, processes and structures.

At this time, Xu Zhijun looked at Luo Sheng and looked around and said, "What about graphene transistors? The idea of ​​using graphene as a channel is the second item, which is transportation, because the electron mobility of graphene is much higher than that of silicon."

As the words came out, a scholar shook his head and said, "This amazing material is indeed very imaginative, but the problem is that graphene transistors have made little progress, most of them are in the conceptual and theoretical stages, and graphene has a flaw. It just ca n’t saturate the current, but I noticed that some people in the western academic community said that it may be possible to regulate the opening and closing of the band gap of graphene in the future. It is no longer just a zero band gap. Anyway, graphene is a very promising future Materials, but it's too early to talk about this. "

Xu Zhijun immediately looked at Luo Sheng and asked, "General Luo ~ www.novelhall.com ~ What do you think?"

At this time, Luo Sheng was looking at the data information and a theoretical model on the big screen of the conference. Everyone also brushed his eyes on him. The latter stared at the data and function model on the screen and said:

"Listening to your discussion, I have been thinking about a question. Since the electrons are moving in the channel, why do I have to leave such a large depletion layer under the channel? Of course, I know the reason, because the physical model This area is needed to balance the charge. But in short-channel devices, there is no need to put the depletion layer and the channel together and wait for the leakage current to flow in vain. "

A group of scholars looked at each other, and they never thought about it.

Luo Luosheng snapped his fingers, motioned to a scholar and then stared at the data model on the conference screen:

"According to what I said, remove this part of silicon directly to me and replace it with an insulating layer. The remaining silicon is under the insulating layer, so that the channel is separated from the depletion layer because the electrons come from the two poles. But the two electrodes and the depletion layer are separated by an insulating layer so that there is no leakage except the channel. "

Everyone's eyes brightened, as if the clouds and fog were suddenly clear.

Everyone is the top IQ group among human beings. Luo Sheng understood this instantly.

Xu Zhijun said inspiringly: "Wonderful idea, Luo is indeed a design genius. In the phrase, it is deeply vital! Why didn't so many of us think of it?"

Uh ...

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