Chapter 411

Particle refers to the smallest material component that can exist in a free state. This also includes energy as well as light.

Light is both a high-frequency electromagnetic wave and a stream of particles made up of elementary particles called light particles. Therefore, light has particle and wave properties at the same time, or light has "wave-particle duality". Light particles, formerly known as light quanta, are elementary particles that transmit electromagnetic interactions, and are a kind of gauge boson. Light particles are carriers of electromagnetic radiation, and in quantum field theory light particles are considered mediators of electromagnetic interactions. In contrast to most elementary particles, light particles have zero rest mass, which means they travel at the speed of light in a vacuum. Like other quanta, light particles have wave-particle duality: light particles can exhibit properties such as refraction, interference, and diffraction of classical waves; while the particle nature of light particles is not like classical waves when interacting with matter. Any value of energy can be transmitted, and light particles can only transmit quantized energy.

Atoms of matter have some discrete and discontinuous energy states, among which the ground state energy is the lowest and most stable. For some reason, the atoms in a higher energy state are unstable, and will return to the ground state when slightly disturbed. This process is called transition. The excess energy is converted into light particles and released, which is the mechanism of atomic light emission.

Light particles can also be produced during elementary particle collisions.

The light particle is matter, it has mass, momentum, and energy, and it can collide with other particles to follow the conservation of momentum and conservation of energy.

Light quantum, referred to as photon, is the fundamental particle that transmits electromagnetic interaction, and is a kind of gauge boson. Photon is the carrier of electromagnetic radiation, and photon is considered as the mediator of electromagnetic interaction in quantum field theory. Photons have zero rest mass. Photons travel at the speed of light and have energy, momentum, and mass.

Energy is generated from this, whether it is the natural energy in the above-ground world or the red light in the underground world, it is the energy generated by the collision and movement of light quanta, which is the root of all energy.

Photon is the fundamental particle that transmits electromagnetic interaction, and it is a kind of gauge boson. Photon is the carrier of electromagnetic radiation, and photon is considered as the mediator of electromagnetic interaction in quantum field theory. Compared to most elementary particles, photons have zero rest mass, which means they travel at the speed of light in a vacuum. Like other quanta, photons have wave-particle duality: photons can exhibit properties such as refraction, interference, and diffraction of classical waves; while the particle nature of photons shows that when interacting with matter, they are not like classical particles that can transmit any The value of energy, photons can only transfer quantized energy, they are lattice particles, and they are the mass-energy phase state of quantum particles.

After the establishment of quantum electrodynamics, it was confirmed that the photon is the medium particle that transmits the electromagnetic interaction. Charged particles interact by emitting or absorbing photons, positively and negatively charged particle pairs can be annihilated into photons, and they can also be generated in electromagnetic fields.

Photons are energy-carrying particles in light. The energy of a photon is proportional to the frequency of the light wave, the higher the frequency, the higher the energy. When a photon is absorbed by an atom, an electron gains enough energy to transition from the inner orbit to the outer orbit, and the atom with the electronic transition changes from the ground state to the excited state.

The annihilation process of a particle and its antiparticle must produce at least two photons. The reason is that the total momentum of the system composed of particles and their antiparticles in the center of mass system is zero, and due to the law of energy conservation, the total momentum of the generated photons must also be zero; because a single photon always has a non-zero momentum, the system Only two or more photons can be produced to satisfy the total momentum to be zero. The frequency at which photons are generated, that is, their energy, is determined by the law of conservation of energy and momentum. From the conservation of energy and momentum, it can be seen that the reverse process of particle and antiparticle annihilation, that is, the process of two photons generating electron-anti-electron pairs, cannot be spontaneously generated in a vacuum.

The measurement of the so-called photon structure refers to observing the quantum fluctuation of the photon field in quantum electrodynamics, and this energy fluctuation is described by a photon structure equation. Measurements of photon structure generally rely on observations of deep nonlinear scattering during photon-electron, and electron-positron collisions. According to quantum chromodynamics, photons can participate in the interaction not only as sizeless particles, namely leptons, but also as a collection of quarks and gluons, namely hadrons. What determines the photon structure is not the traditional distribution of valence quarks like protons, but the collection of partons formed by the fluctuations of leptons.

Since photons contribute to the energy-momentum tensor, they also produce a gravitational field according to general relativity. In turn, the photons themselves are subject to a gravitational field, bending their paths in curved spacetime, which is applied in astrophysics as gravitational lensing. When moving in a strong gravitational field, the frequency of photons will be gravitationally redshifted. These effects are not limited to photons, but also hold true for classical electromagnetic waves.

Lin Feng entered the supermarket after the three of them returned to the house. Because the food brought back by Dong Wu and Lin Xiaobao was a bit unpalatable, Lin Feng thought of finding some food in the supermarket to improve the food. In addition, Lin Feng also wanted to find some information.

Information about the particle waves released from the deep pit outside the room has been found in the book warehouse in the supermarket. In fact, Lin Feng doesn’t need to be so troublesome at all. The science of the end of the world is much more developed than the original world. He only needs to send a message to Manager Qian to know everything. However, Lin Feng feels that the science of the two worlds is always different, and it is more solid to base on the science of the original world.

After knowing that the essence of energy is actually the vibration produced by particles, Lin Feng knew that the particle waves released from the deep pit outside the room were actually a kind of energy, and Lin Feng knew that he could continue to strengthen his own strength. Whether it is the energy of the above-ground world or the energy of the underground world, or the new energy found in the deep pit, these are all precious resources for Lin Feng to enhance his own strength.

Coupled with Lin Feng's unique chaotic soul, no matter what kind of energy it is, it will be transformed into energy that suits its own nature. With this, Lin Feng will definitely become the most powerful practitioner in the last days.

In the supermarket, Lin Feng's fighting spirit was rekindled. Now Lin Feng is full of confidence. As long as his energy recovers, the secrets of the underground world and the secrets of the above-ground world will be solved by Lin Feng.

"Let's watch my performance next." To be continued. For mobile phone users, please browse.Read for a better reading experience.