Chapter 599

The Confucianists have a saying called "learning to be a man of Arts and martial arts, goods and imperial family", but they just express people's desire to become officials in words.

In fact, since ancient times, talented people always hope to be appreciated by the rulers, which leads to a phenomenon that they want to participate in the governance class of the country no matter what they learn.

It is really not only Confucianism that hopes to hold the ruler's thigh tightly. In fact, legalism is the lowest in moral integrity.

It is not a derogatory term to say that the family has no integrity in front of the ruler. The existence of the law is to ensure the interests of the ruler. Generally speaking, the law is created to restrict others, which can make the order of social existence in the process of restriction.

The ruler is the leader, and there is a very famous "leader effect", that is, only one "supreme" is actually conducive to social stability. Therefore, there is only one supreme leader in any country, not more than one.

To say that the law is useless to dignitaries is a phenomenon that will always exist in all dynasties. However, the existence of the law still ensures the interests of ordinary people. Without the existence of the law, ordinary people will actually be the biggest victims. Therefore, if a country's law is in vain, it is definitely much better than no law at all.

Of course, Liu Yan is eager to promote education, but one thing must be faced up to, that is, it can not only be used to educate people to be an official after reading. Education should be used in all aspects to achieve life.

There are many ways to learn knowledge, which can be baptism in the spiritual field. Confucianism is best at this point. According to modern classification, Confucianism is a very powerful knowledge as philosophy, and it is also excellent for moral and ideological edification. The only bad thing is that philosophers should never be an official.

At present, Confucianism is not dominated by Lu school. Several schools have their own distinctive characteristics, and Confucian scholars do not know grain like the Ming Dynasty.

Today's Confucian scholars, including Lu and Confucianism, should pay attention to every kind of etiquette, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and number. If we should seriously calculate, Confucian scholars are really a well deserved elite class today. The Confucian six arts of gentleman are actually inherited from the basic requirements of Zhou's office as an official.

The Zhou Dynasty was a enfeoffed country. At that time, the surrounding environment of the country was not safe. The basic requirement for being an official was that he must be an aristocrat (or son), that is, he looked at his lineage first and then chose his talent.

Aristocracy is a class that has existed since people lived together. In the early stage, it was those who led the ethnic groups to explore, such as the three emperors and five emperors. Until the Zhou Dynasty moved eastward, aristocrats were definitely not derogatory. Their social status came from protecting the people and opening up more living space for the ethnic group. What their responsibility brought was due welfare, such as social status or quality of life.

Each class will have its own corruption process, which continues until it becomes a rule to inherit the power of its ancestors according to blood relationship. Relying on "who my father is" alone, we can get something that does not belong to our own efforts, laying the groundwork for the corruption of power.

Every generation of pioneers always appear wise and capable. They belong to the "pioneering" group. Pioneering aristocrats can't be fools who don't understand anything. They also need to have enough force value, so how to cultivate them has become a matter worthy of study.

Zhou Li Bao clearly pointed out the methods and methods of cultivating elites, which is "cultivating the son of the country with Tao is the six skills of teaching: one is five rites, two is six music, three is five shooting, four is five royal, five is six books, and six is nine numbers", This is the "six arts" in the so-called "Five Classics and six arts".

If you want to be an official in Zhoushi, any official needs to be assessed, or the assessment that occurs once every few years. The content of the assessment is the six arts. You don't need to be proficient in all six arts, but you must not know nothing, and distinguish several grades of poor, qualified and excellent.

Like many dynasties, the decline of a dynasty always starts from the inside, and the decline of the Zhou office starts from the examination of officials. This phenomenon is caused by the absurdity of several generations of Kings (such as the one who plays the princes of the beacon fire), as well as the loss of the strength of the Zhou royal family after moving eastward.

The central government can't hold the place, and its strength is not enough to deter the feudal officials. The consequence of the weak Lord and strong officials is that the princes don't take the Zhou royal family seriously, so the Zhou royal family wants to continue to carry out the official assessment. Can those princes accept the recall and reappointment from the central government again?

Until Confucius founded Confucianism, it was the age of "ritual collapse and music corruption". The so-called "rites collapse and music break down" has many meanings. First, it means that the Zhou royal family can no longer drive the princes, and the Zhou royal family can no longer have any say in the appointment and removal of princes. Many traditions have been gradually disintegrated, including the assessment of officials.

In the spring and Autumn period, the six arts gradually evolved into the core content used by noble families to educate future generations. Confucius asked Confucianism to learn the six arts. In fact, he hoped to cultivate Confucianism by cultivating aristocrats. His practice was rejected by the aristocrats at that time, not to mention ridiculed from all aspects.

"If we really want to promote education, we don't need everyone to be proficient in the six arts." Liu Yan never thought there were so many versatile talents in the world: "everyone has his own talent and is more specialized in what, so focus on training in that direction. Learning the six arts alone is not enough. Knowledge comes from life and should also be used in life."

"Yes, as long as people who are good at fighting can read and understand military books, they do not need to be able to master poetry and Fu, nor do they need to be able to write poetry and sing Fu." LV Yi only knew that his proposal had a play, and it was hard to hide his excitement. As long as Liu Yan didn't repent, he kept nodding his head and said, "not only to learn, but also to be able to use. The unity of knowledge and practice is the foundation."

Ji Chang's eyes lit up and nodded heavily, "it's the unity of knowledge and practice."

Why does Liu Yan think the word "unity of knowledge and practice" is a little familiar? After trying to think for a while, it can be regarded as a memory.

The unity of knowledge and action means that the object conforms to the subject, knowledge refers to conscience, and action refers to human practice. The unity of knowledge and action is neither swallowing and paralleling with knowledge, nor swallowing and merging knowledge with action, and thinking that action is knowledge. This was put forward by Wang Shouren, a thinker in the Ming Dynasty. That is to say, the truth of knowing things is inseparable from the application of this truth in reality.

Actually, it's ironic! In the Ming Dynasty, scholars dedicated themselves to studying eight part essay for the imperial examination. In addition to the ability to lift the students, the eight part essay actually has no skills that can be used in life. To say which generation of scholars in the past dynasties is most in line with the characteristics of rice insects, there is nothing else except the scholars in the Ming Dynasty and the "I Qing Dynasty", so there is the saying that "nothing is a scholar".

In fact, the views and theories put forward by many people have long been related to the ancient sages. The difference is that those sages did not systematically summarize and write them (they may also be lost). Wang Shouren put forward the "unity of knowledge and practice" in the social environment of the Ming Dynasty. It is estimated that he saw that scholars can't do anything except reading and gave birth to a sense of hardship.

However, facts have proved that it is ironic to mention the "unity of knowledge and practice" in the Ming Dynasty. The reason why scholars read is that Lao Tzu's reading and specialized in eight part essay are only for the purpose of mid-level promotion. It doesn't matter that Lao Tzu won't do anything after the mid-term election. With the power of tax exemption, some people are eager to become Lao Tzu's tenants. Lao Tzu eat, drink, spend and use. Some people contribute, and Lao Tzu can be an official. When it's time to enjoy happiness, Laozi still work hard to learn other things, not just looking for sin and suffering.

Liu Yangang is still thinking about the social change after the promotion of education. Whether it is the Song Dynasty or the Ming Dynasty, if the promotion of education will become a similar situation, it's better not to promote it. Before he magnified his worries, LV Yi released the great trick of "unity of knowledge and practice".

Reading is not a bad thing, but I'm not afraid of how bad the bad guys are. I'm afraid that the bad guys have culture. The bad guys don't have to be ferocious. The most depressed and worst thing is that the bad guys don't think they are doing bad things. On the contrary, they think they are doing a good thing that benefits the country and the people. The behavior of those scholars in the Song Dynasty is the most prominent.

Of course, the two Song Dynasties experienced five dynasties and ten countries. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were an era when generals were rampant everywhere. The two Song Dynasties just did too much to correct.

[scholars in the Song Dynasty can do anything for their power, including letting the army fail in the national war, and then coming out to soften in the way of year-old tribute. They are not ashamed but proud. They say that they spend some money to ensure peace, regardless of how such behavior will hit the national military and civilian morale.] Liu Yan looks like he is watching Ji Chang exchanging opinions And LV Yi, but the eyes actually have no focus: [never underestimate the shameless degree of scholars... Of course, you can't believe how much integrity the generals have...]

Generally speaking, if a country's generals lose control, the harm is indeed very serious, which is bound to plunge the country into successive separatist civil wars. Of course, the disadvantages are very obvious.

The harm of military generals is very clear, but the literati affect not only one generation. If the literati get bad, the destruction of a country is not the most serious. What will be affected will be the follow-up of a nation. The ideas and culture created by the literati will continue. If the ideas and culture are wrong, it will be a disaster for future generations.

Take a look at the prosperity of the world... This is not the lyrics. It is what most scholars were really doing before the Song Dynasty. For example, Li Bai, who was very busy, was born in the remote northwest frontier. In his life, he has almost traveled all the famous mountains and rivers of the Tang Empire, and most of his footprints have left a chapter passed on to future generations.

If we study poetry, CI, song and Fu, we will find a very obvious situation, that is, the more powerful and prosperous the country is, the more heroic and energetic the contemporary works will be; If the country is weak, arrogant or has no enterprising spirit, contemporary works will show a sense of exhaustion.

Looking at a country or nation, you can see the pulse clearly from the cultural works. Most of the works before the Song Dynasty were in an upward mood. In the song and later dynasties, they were really romantic and romantic. It can be clearly found that the literati were less and less enterprising and focused on how to enjoy themselves.

"A country can't concentrate on one thing. The martial wind of the Great Han Dynasty is too..." Lv Yi took a careful look at Liu Yan and said almost with a tragic look of risking death: "the martial wind is too much."

Liu Yan raised his eyebrows. He just thought of the impact of the two Song Dynasties on the nation, not only in culture, but also in society.

LV Yi said in an almost inaudible voice with strong expectation: "it would be great if the king could persuade him to learn literature."

[a rich family doesn't have to buy a good land. There are thousands of millet in the book. There are no tall buildings to live in. There are gold houses in the book. Don't hate a wife without a good medium. There are many beautiful faces in the book. Don't hate no one to follow when you go out. There are many cars and horses in the book. If a man wants to succeed in his life, he often reads the six classics to the window.] Liu Yan is very surprised that he can remember the encouraging learning chapter by Zhao Heng, Emperor Zhenzong of Song Dynasty , with cold eyes, Lu Yi, whose face had begun to turn white, did not say a word, Still trapped in his own mood: [the East China Gate singer Fang is a hero... Completely broke the backbone of the martial arts man. Those "Heroes" only worried and fled when the enemy attacked. The emperor deserved to be captured, and Emperor Ji became an enemy plaything... Poor people all over Bianliang.]

"There are thousands of millet in the book, gold houses in the book, Yan Ruyu in the book, and many cars and horses in the book. If a man wants to succeed in his life, he often reads the six classics in front of the window." Liu Yan was laughing, his eyes were still cold, and asked LV Yi: "how?"

LV Yi was so frightened by Liu Yan that he couldn't pronounce a syllable.

Ji Chang didn't see the cold in Liu Yan's eyes because of the angle. His first reaction was to stand up and almost roar: "it's wrong, it's wrong!"

Liu Yan blinked his eyes. When he looked at Ji Chang, he was still smiling and asked, "why is it wrong?"

"If the king does such things, the style of writing is popular, but..." Ji Chang said, almost glancing at LV Yi with a murderous look, When looking at Liu Yan again, he knelt down heavily: "education is naturally necessary, but it can't be so. Hu Lu's lessons from the chaos in the central plains are not far away. The top priority of the country is the military. My Lord, the big man would rather not be educated than have no soldiers to fight!"

LV Yigang was just frightened by Liu Yan's eyes and chewed the sentences Liu Yan read. The next moment, he couldn't stop sweating out.

As long as you read, you can get everything. Just read. You don't have to do anything except reading. Among them, the sentence "if a man wants to succeed in his life, he often reads the six classics in front of the window" has the greatest lethality, which is bound to turn scholars into dead bookworms. Not only does the national military style no longer exist, but also fewer and fewer people will specialize in practical skills.

"The country can have no literati, but it can't have no martial arts." Regardless of Liu Yan's coming to help him up, Ji Chang is dedicated to kneeling and exhortation: "without the martial arts, the literary style is prosperous, and the whole country is rich, just like a lamb to be slaughtered, but making wedding clothes for the enemy."