Chapter 515

A method of elevating a special statement to a general statement. Empirical science comes from observation and experimentation. A large number of original records are merged into few laws and theorems to form a well-ordered knowledge system. This is the process of forming empirical science. It can be seen that what kind of induction is effective and reliable is the most important issue to be studied by empirical science. Since the extension of science in the strict sense, exploration and debate in this area have never stopped.

A method of applying a general statement to derive a particular statement or from one statement to another. In a deductive argument, the general conclusion is the basis and the particular conclusion is the argument. Deductive reasoning is the opposite of inductive reasoning, which reflects the logical relationship from general to individual between arguments and arguments.

The main form of deductive reasoning is the syllogism, namely the major premise, minor premise and conclusion. The major premise is the general truth; the minor premise is the particular thing of the argument; the conclusion is the thesis. Arguments using deductive methods must conform to the form of deductive reasoning.

At this point, I have to mention one of the products that scares people the most and drives scientists crazy in the last days, the virus, the reason for the formation of the last days, is also the origin of everything.

Virology is an emerging discipline formed through the mutual penetration and fusion between virology and molecular biology, taking viruses as the research object. Specifically, it is a study of the structure and function of the viral genome on the basis of fully understanding the general morphology and structural characteristics of the virus, exploring viral genome replication, gene expression and its regulatory mechanism, and revealing the molecular mechanism of viral infection and pathogenicity. In essence, it is a science that provides the theoretical basis and basis for the development of viral genetic engineering vaccines and antiviral drugs, as well as the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of viral diseases.

Virology is a science that studies the smallest non-cellular biological virus. As a kind of biological factor in the earth's biosphere, human beings have experienced a century of understanding of the nature of viruses and their life laws. Virology It has achieved great development and has now become an important branch of life science. The content of virology research involves all aspects of life activities such as the type, composition, structure, metabolism, growth and reproduction, genetics, evolution, and distribution of viruses, as well as the relationship between viruses and other organisms and the environment.

Virology research is closely related to life science and biotechnology, because viruses are the simplest model for studying life activities, and provide powerful tools for modern research on the structure and function of biological macromolecules, as well as efficient expression and regulation of genomes. A lot of basic information is provided in the process. At the same time, on the one hand, viruses can cause various diseases in animals, plants and humans, such as AIDS, which is still a huge threat to human survival; on the other hand, they can be used to eliminate pests and express foreign genes. Carriers that can be used by humans. Virology involves a wide range of fields such as medicine, veterinary medicine, environment, agriculture and industry, and has correspondingly developed into sub-disciplines such as phage, medical virology, veterinary virology, environmental virology, plant virology and insect virology. Virology has become a key subject that must be studied in depth for people to understand the essence of life, develop the national economy and ensure the health of humans and animals.

Medical virology is an important branch of virology, which mainly studies the characteristics of viruses from a medical point of view, sometimes called medical molecular virology. The scope of medical virology research includes virus nature, transmission mode and pathogenic mechanism, as well as drug and vaccine research at the application level. It is closely related to molecular biology and pharmacology.

It does not show any life characteristics outside the cell, and all its life activities can only be carried out in the living host cell. This parasitism is different from the parasitism of certain microorganisms such as Bacillus leprae, Rickettsia, and Chlamydia. They are mainly due to the lack of exogenous nutrients or exogenous metabolic intermediates that need to be provided by the host.

First of all, viruses are pathogens that can infect almost all cell-type organisms and cause diseases. According to preliminary statistics, 60-70% of human infectious diseases are caused by virus infection. From common colds, measles, mumps, polio, rabies, hepatitis, various encephalitis, to epidemic hemorrhagic fever, senile dementia, AIDS ais and many cancers. Therefore, viral infectious diseases are still one of the main diseases that seriously endanger the health of the people in our country. The reasons are that the viral genes are constantly mutating under the pressure of natural selection and population immunity, as well as the aging of the social population and the acceleration of urbanization. Due to the interaction of various factors, the prevalence of certain viral infectious diseases has not only failed to be effectively controlled, but has become more rampant. For example, the prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C, AIDS, influenza and various enteroviral diseases is still very serious. In addition, many results show that viruses are closely related to the occurrence of malignant tumors and various chronic diseases.

At the same time, because viruses can also cause diseases of poultry, domestic animals, wild animals, crops, forest fruits and many other economic animals, plants and microorganisms, they cause great harm to human economic activities and the ecological environment. The study of molecular virology is to fully understand the characteristics of viruses, to clarify the relationship between virus genes and product structures and functions at the molecular level, to reveal the pathogenic mechanism and nature of viruses, and to contribute to the ultimate control of viral diseases. Popularity provides important theoretical basis and scientific basis.

Secondly, because some viruses can also attack those organisms that are harmful to humans, they can become an important means of biological control. Such as the use of bacteriophages to lyse bacteria to treat diseases such as cholera, dysentery and typhoid fever; use insect viruses to control harmful insects, etc.

Finally, because the virus is the most simple unit of life known so far, based on its outstanding characteristics of relative simplicity outside the cell and the complexity of the interaction between the virus and the host cell inside the cell, it has become an important part of molecular biology research. Ideal for replication, messaging, mutation, and other molecular biology questions. The results of research using molecular biology methods not only promote the research of virology, but also play a huge role in promoting the development of molecular biology. In short, molecular virology is interpenetrating and mutually reinforcing among various natural sciences. Its research and development play a very important role in clarifying more major issues of modern biology and in promoting the development of biotechnology. . To be continued.